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History topic 2 > The civil rights movement 1955-1963 > Flashcards

The civil rights movement 1955-1963 Flashcards

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1
Q

What aspects were AAs inferior

A

Social inequality
Political inequality
Economic inequality
Legal inequality

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2
Q

How were AAs inferior in terms of Social inequality

A

Segregation of public facilities

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3
Q

How were AAs inferior in terms of Political inequality

A

80% AAs unable to vote
WA used a variety of methods to deter voting

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4
Q

How did WA deter AAs from voting

A

Intimidation tactics
Impossible literacy tests
Poll tax

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5
Q

How did MLK describe segregation

A

Living under a system ‘determined to hate every white person’

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6
Q

How were AAs inferior in terms of Economic inequality

A

Slower growing AA MC
Poor education gave most AAs inferior economic status

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7
Q

How were AAs inferior in terms of Legal inequality

A

WA used violence and intimidation to maintain supremacy
No AA protection in court

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8
Q

Who was Emitt Till

A

1955 14 years old
Whistled at a white woman
Dragged his mutilated body out of the river
Murderers boasted about it and went unpunished

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9
Q

When was the NAACP established

A

1909

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10
Q

What did the NAACP aim for

A

Aimed to make 11 million AA citizens politically, economically, socially and legally free

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11
Q

What does NAACP stand for

A

National association for the advancement of coloured people

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12
Q

What tactics did the NAACP use

A

Punished black grievances
Initiated protests against segregated public places
NAACP lawyers fought education inequalities

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13
Q

What was the Plessy vs Ferguson ruling 1896

A

Jim crow laws declared constitutional so long as facilities

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14
Q

What supreme court ruling did NAACP win

A

SC rulings against segregated unis

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15
Q

What did the SC brown ruling rule

A

separate schools in the south were not equal

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16
Q

What was seen as the start of the CR movement

A

Montgomery bus boycott

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17
Q

What were issues with the buses 1955

A

segregation of buses
white driver behaviors

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18
Q

What happened to an AA mother 1955 on the bus

A

She put two kids on the white seats so she could pay
Driver yelled ‘get those dirty black babies off the seats’ then hit the acceleration causing the babies to fall into the aisle

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19
Q

What initiated the boycott

A

Rosa Parks

20
Q

How many AAs participated in the boycott

A

50,000

21
Q

What was the significance of the Montgomery bus boycott

A

Nov 1956 Montgomery buses were desegregated
It demonstrated a new mode of activism - ‘mass direct action’

22
Q

When was the KKK established

A

1866 after the South’s loss in the civil war

23
Q

When was the KKK revived

A

1915

24
Q

How many members did the KKK have across US 1955

A

millions and millions

25
Q

What activities did the KKK persist in

A

Cross burnings
Church burnings
Beatings
Shootings
Murders

26
Q

Who did the KKK attack in Birmingham

A

Bombed a church
Birmingham freedom riders

27
Q

When and how did the KKK try to assasinate MLK

A

Bombed his house in 1956
Bombed his motel room in 1963

28
Q

What inspired the White Citzens council

A

The SC brown ruling

29
Q

How many members did the White Citizens council have at its peak

A

250,000 in 1956

30
Q

What did the White Citizens council consist of

A

Doctors
Lawyers
Buisnessmen

31
Q

What actions did the White Citizens council take

A

Made defence of segregation main part of Southern politics
Issued large amounts of racist propoganda
Sponsered schools for WA
Subjected CR activists to threats and economic pressure

32
Q

Why did little rocks 1957 occur

A

A result of school desegregation

33
Q

What was the first integrated school called

A

Central high school in Arkansas

34
Q

How did Arkansas prevent the AA students entering

A

Ordered national guard to keep them out

35
Q

Who reluctantly supported little rocks

A

Eisenhower sent troops in

36
Q

What did MLK seek in the 1963 Birmingham campaign

A

Desegregation of public facilities and equal employment opportunities

37
Q

Why did MLK pick Birmingham

A

Epitomised the horrors of Southern Segregation
Bull Connors would mistreat protestants

38
Q

Who was Bull connors

A

Public safety commissioner of Birmingham

39
Q

Describe events in Birmingham

A

Initially MLK struggled to organise demonstrations
Many felt connors imminent retirement made protests unneeded
However Connors’ police attacked the few protesters and MLK was jailed
MLK faced troublemaker accusations
‘Letter from Birmingham letter led to his release were he still struggled to start protests
‘You know we’ve got to get something going the press is leaving’
Controversial he encouraged young AA children to demonstrate and hundreds did
When Connor’s high pressure water hoses tire the clothes off them Birmingham was in the head light again

40
Q

What were some positive results of MLK’s Birmingham campaign

A

Exposed southern Bigotry at its worse
Convinced JFK to promote what became the 1954 Civil Rights bill
Showed the power of mass demonstrations

41
Q

What were some negatives results of Birmingham

A

Did little to actually improve the situation in Birmingham
Race relations deteriorated
MLK was asked to stay away as they wanted no more outside help

42
Q

What was the 1963 March on Washington

A

A mass demonstration masterminded by TV leader Philip Randolph

43
Q

What was the biggest impact of the Washington march

A

emotional impact across the country

44
Q

How many marchers were at the Washington march

A

250,000

45
Q

What famous speech occurred at the Washington March

A

‘I have a dream speech’

46
Q

Why was the Washington march symbolic

A

At Lincoln’s memorial

47
Q

What did the Washington March show about the civil rights movement

A

impeccable behaviour of the march showed a strong and united march

History topic 2 (4 decks)

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