The civil rights movement 1955-1963

Question 1

What aspects were AAs inferior

Answer 1

Social inequality
Political inequality
Economic inequality
Legal inequality

Question 2

How were AAs inferior in terms of Social inequality

Answer 2

Segregation of public facilities

Question 3

How were AAs inferior in terms of Political inequality

Answer 3

80% AAs unable to vote
WA used a variety of methods to deter voting

Question 4

How did WA deter AAs from voting

Answer 4

Intimidation tactics
Impossible literacy tests
Poll tax

Question 5

How did MLK describe segregation

Answer 5

Living under a system ‘determined to hate every white person’

Question 6

How were AAs inferior in terms of Economic inequality

Answer 6

Slower growing AA MC
Poor education gave most AAs inferior economic status

Question 7

How were AAs inferior in terms of Legal inequality

Answer 7

WA used violence and intimidation to maintain supremacy
No AA protection in court

Question 8

Who was Emitt Till

Answer 8

1955 14 years old
Whistled at a white woman
Dragged his mutilated body out of the river
Murderers boasted about it and went unpunished

Question 9

When was the NAACP established

Answer 9

1909

Question 10

What did the NAACP aim for

Answer 10

Aimed to make 11 million AA citizens politically, economically, socially and legally free

Question 11

What does NAACP stand for

Answer 11

National association for the advancement of coloured people

Question 12

What tactics did the NAACP use

Answer 12

Punished black grievances
Initiated protests against segregated public places
NAACP lawyers fought education inequalities

Question 13

What was the Plessy vs Ferguson ruling 1896

Answer 13

Jim crow laws declared constitutional so long as facilities

Question 14

What supreme court ruling did NAACP win

Answer 14

SC rulings against segregated unis

Question 15

What did the SC brown ruling rule

Answer 15

separate schools in the south were not equal

Question 16

What was seen as the start of the CR movement

Answer 16

Montgomery bus boycott

Question 17

What were issues with the buses 1955

Answer 17

segregation of buses
white driver behaviors

Question 18

What happened to an AA mother 1955 on the bus

Answer 18

She put two kids on the white seats so she could pay
Driver yelled ‘get those dirty black babies off the seats’ then hit the acceleration causing the babies to fall into the aisle

Question 19

What initiated the boycott

Answer 19

Rosa Parks

Question 20

How many AAs participated in the boycott

Answer 20

50,000

Question 21

What was the significance of the Montgomery bus boycott

Answer 21

Nov 1956 Montgomery buses were desegregated
It demonstrated a new mode of activism - ‘mass direct action’

Question 22

When was the KKK established

Answer 22

1866 after the South’s loss in the civil war

Question 23

When was the KKK revived

Answer 23

1915

Question 24

How many members did the KKK have across US 1955

Answer 24

millions and millions

Question 25

What activities did the KKK persist in

Answer 25

Cross burnings Church burnings Beatings Shootings Murders

Question 26

Who did the KKK attack in Birmingham

Answer 26

Bombed a church Birmingham freedom riders

Question 27

When and how did the KKK try to assasinate MLK

Answer 27

Bombed his house in 1956 Bombed his motel room in 1963

Question 28

What inspired the White Citzens council

Answer 28

The SC brown ruling

Question 29

How many members did the White Citizens council have at its peak

Answer 29

250,000 in 1956

Question 30

What did the White Citizens council consist of

Answer 30

Doctors Lawyers Buisnessmen

Question 31

What actions did the White Citizens council take

Answer 31

Made defence of segregation main part of Southern politics Issued large amounts of racist propoganda Sponsered schools for WA Subjected CR activists to threats and economic pressure

Question 32

Why did little rocks 1957 occur

Answer 32

A result of school desegregation

Question 33

What was the first integrated school called

Answer 33

Central high school in Arkansas

Question 34

How did Arkansas prevent the AA students entering

Answer 34

Ordered national guard to keep them out

Question 35

Who reluctantly supported little rocks

Answer 35

Eisenhower sent troops in

Question 36

What did MLK seek in the 1963 Birmingham campaign

Answer 36

Desegregation of public facilities and equal employment opportunities

Question 37

Why did MLK pick Birmingham

Answer 37

Epitomised the horrors of Southern Segregation Bull Connors would mistreat protestants

Question 38

Who was Bull connors

Answer 38

Public safety commissioner of Birmingham

Question 39

Describe events in Birmingham

Answer 39

Initially MLK struggled to organise demonstrations Many felt connors imminent retirement made protests unneeded However Connors’ police attacked the few protesters and MLK was jailed MLK faced troublemaker accusations ‘Letter from Birmingham letter led to his release were he still struggled to start protests ‘You know we’ve got to get something going the press is leaving’ Controversial he encouraged young AA children to demonstrate and hundreds did When Connor’s high pressure water hoses tire the clothes off them Birmingham was in the head light again

Question 40

What were some positive results of MLK's Birmingham campaign

Answer 40

Exposed southern Bigotry at its worse Convinced JFK to promote what became the 1954 Civil Rights bill Showed the power of mass demonstrations

Question 41

What were some negatives results of Birmingham

Answer 41

Did little to actually improve the situation in Birmingham Race relations deteriorated MLK was asked to stay away as they wanted no more outside help

Question 42

What was the 1963 March on Washington

Answer 42

A mass demonstration masterminded by TV leader Philip Randolph

Question 43

What was the biggest impact of the Washington march

Answer 43

emotional impact across the country

Question 44

How many marchers were at the Washington march

Answer 44

250,000

Question 45

What famous speech occurred at the Washington March

Answer 45

'I have a dream speech'

Question 46

Why was the Washington march symbolic

Answer 46

At Lincoln's memorial

Question 47

What did the Washington March show about the civil rights movement

Answer 47

impeccable behaviour of the march showed a strong and united march