the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain Flashcards
the citric acid cycle completes…
the breakdown of pyruvate to Co2 (3 carbons of pyruvate oxidized to CO2)
the citric acids 8 steps
step 1: CoA joins cycle by combining with oxaloacetate forming citrate
step 2-8: decompose citrate back into oxaloacetate
- NADH and FADH2 relay electrons from food to the ETC
net outcome of the cycle
1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 per pyruvate
final step in cellular respiration
NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP in the ETC
two key features of mitochondria to harness energy
- the double membrane
- electron carries in the inner membrane
NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to ETC which…
powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation
THE ETC is in the….
chain’s components are proteins which exists it…
- cristae
- multiprotein complexes (one being cytochromes)
- carries alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons
electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to…
O2, forming H2O
Does the ETC generate ATP?
no not directly, instead it breaks the large tree energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts
chemiosmosis
the use of energy into a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
The ETC causes proteins to pump H+ gradient from mitochondria matrix to….
the inter membrane space
- H+ then diffuses across the membrane through the protein complex ATP synthase
- ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ADP
ATP synthesis (ocadative phosphorylation) two component
the ETC redox reactions + energy stored in H+ gradient
H+ gradient is also called
proton-motive force
glucose to ATP sequence of events
glucose -> NADH -? ETC -> proton-motive force -> ATP
net make of ATP
32 ATP (34% of the energy in a glucose molecule)
