Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Biology > The circulatory system > Flashcards

The circulatory system Flashcards

- The circulatory system - The heart - Blood vessels - Blood

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many chambers does the hear have and what are they called?

A
  1. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Capillaries

A

Capillaries are where the exchange between the blood and the cells takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Veins

A

Veins carry blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of blood vessel?

A

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the organ that pumps blood around the body.

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the three types of blood vessel.

A

Arteries, veins and capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the four chambers of the heart.

A

Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In which type of blood vessel ae substances exchanged between the blood and the cells?

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

A

The rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

A

The lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Step four of the cardiac cycle

A

The blood flows down the arteries and leaves the heart. The whole cycle then starts again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do valves in the heart prevent?

A

Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards (the backflow of blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs during one heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Step one in the cardiac cycle

A

Blood flows into the two atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Step three of the cardiac cycle

A

The ventricles contract, forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Step two of the cardiac cycle

A

The atria contract to push the blood into the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are the ventricle walls thinner or thicker than the atria walls and why?

A

Thicker as they need more pressure so that they can pump the blood further (around the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does the heart produce its own electrical impulses?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does the right-handed side of the heart pump blood to the body or the lungs?

A

Lungs

15
Q

Where does the blood go after leaving the atria?

A

Into the ventricles

15
Q

What is the name of the pacemaker in the heart?

A

The sino-atrial node

16
Q

What is the sino-atrial node?

A

The sino-atrial node is in the wall of the right atrium, and sends out regular impulses which spread out across the atria, making them contract.

17
Q

What is the function of the heart valves?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood.

18
Q

Do heart valves require energy to open and close?

A

No

19
Q

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the walls of the atria?

A

Because the ventricles have to pump blood further than the atria.

20
Q

The sino-atrial node is sometimes called the heart’s natural pacemaker. What is its function?

A

To produce the regular electrical impulses that make the atria contract.

21
Q

Why does the heart muscle require a blood supply?

A

So it can get oxygen and glucose for respiration (for energy)

22
Q

Name the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood.

A

The coronary arteries

23
Q

What do arteries sub divide into?

A

Arterioles

24
Q

What do arterioles subdivide into?

A

Capillaries

25
Q

Capillaries join up to form _____

A

Veins

26
Q

Artery walls

A
  • Thick wall compared to the diameter of the lumen
  • Thick layer of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • Very thin layer of folded endothelial tissue
  • High pressure
27
Q

Arteriole walls

A
  • Narrower that arteries
  • Higher proportion of smooth muscle fibres and lower proportion of elastic tissue
  • Less blood flow due to reduced diameter of the lumen when the arteriole is contracted
  • Arterioles can control the amount of blood flowing to a particular organ.
28
Q

capillary walls

A
  • Can only be seen with a microscope
  • Single layer of endothelial cells
29
Q

Why are capillaries well suited for their job?

A

1) They have very thin walls and gaps to allow for substances such as oxygen and glucose to diffuse quickly from the blood into the cells and waste products from the cells into the blood.
2) Huge surface area due to thousands of capillaries
3) Blood flows quite slowly though capillaries as this allows more time for diffusion to occur.

30
Q

Vein walls

A
  • Veins have large lumen and relatively thin wall containing some elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood
31
Q

What is the role of arteries in the circulatory system?

A

They carry blood away from the heart

32
Q

*Explain the importance of the elastic tissue in the walls of arteries *

A

The elastic walls allow the size of the lumen to change to keep the pressure in the arteries high so that the blood can be transported around the body.

33
Q

Describe how arterioles can control the amount of blood flowing into an organ.

A

The circular muscle fibres in the walls of the arterioles contract, the size of the lumen is reduced. This reduces the amount of blood that flows to the organs.

34
Q

*Capillaries have very thin walls, which sometimes have gaps in them. Explain how these characteristics make capillaries suited to their job. *

A

They allow water and other substances (like glucose and oxygen) to diffuse quickly between the blood in the capillaries and the cells.

35
Q

What structure do veins contain, that other blood vessels don’t have?

A

Valves

36
Q

Explain how leg muscles help return blood to the heart.

A

When leg muscles contract, they push blood up the veins, and when they relax, the valves in the veins close. These actions help push blood bac to the heart.

37
Q

What does haemoglobin carry?

A

Oxygen

38
Q

What is formed when oxygen and haemoglobin binds together.

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

39
Q

Name the substance picked up by the blood in the lungs.

A

Oxygen

40
Q

How many molecules of oxygen are bound to haemoglobin molecule when it’s fully saturated?

A

Four

41
Q

Which gas affects the oxygen-binding properties of haemoglobin?

A

Carbon dioxide

42
Q

Under what circumstances does a tissue require the most oxygen?

A

When it’s rapidly respiring.

A Level Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions