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A Level Biology > GCSE -> A LEVEL Qs > Flashcards

GCSE -> A LEVEL Qs Flashcards

Transition booklet question

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1
Q

When is a measurement valid?

A

When it measures what it is supposed to be measuring.

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2
Q

When is a result accurate?

A

When it is close to the true value.

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3
Q

What are precise results?

A

When repeat measurements are consistent/agree closely with each other.

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4
Q

What is repeatability?

A

How precise repeated measurements are when they are taken by the same person, using the same equipment, under the same conditions.

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5
Q

What is reproducibility?

A

How precise repeated measurements are when they are taken by different people, using different equipment.

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6
Q

What is the uncertainty of a measurement?

A

The interval within which the true value is expected to lie.

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7
Q

Define measurement error.

A

The difference between a measured value and the true value.

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8
Q

What type of error is caused by results varying around the true value in an unpredictable way?

A

Random error

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9
Q

What is a systematic error?

A

A consistent difference between the measured values and the true values.

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10
Q

What does zero error mean?

A

A measuring instrument gives a false reading when the true value should be zero.

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11
Q

Which variable is changed or selected by the investigator.

A

Independent variable

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12
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

A variable that is measured every time the independent variable is changed.

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13
Q

Define a fair test.

A

A test in which only the independent variable is allowed to affect dependent variable.

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14
Q

What are control variables?

A

Variables that should be kept constant to avoid them affecting the dependent variable

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15
Q

What are monomers?

A

Smaller units with larger molecules are made.

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16
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

17
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

A reaction that joins two molecules together to form a chemical bond whilst eliminating of a molecule of water.

18
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

19
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

20
Q

How is a glycosidic bond formed?

A

A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides.

21
Q

Name the three main examples of polysaccharides.

A

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

22
Q

Describe Benedict’s test for reducing sugars.

A

Gently heat a solution of a food sample with an equal volume of Benedict’s solution for five minutes, the solution turns orange/brown if reducing sugar is present.

23
Q

Name the two main groups of lipids.

A

Phospholipids, triglycerides (fats and oils)

24
Q

Give four roles of lipids.

A

Source of energy, waterproofing, insulation and protection.

25
Q

What is an ester bond?

A

A bond formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid.

26
Q

Describe the emulsion test for lipids.

A

Mix the sample with ethanol in a clean test tube, shake the sample, add water, shake the sample again, a cloudy white colour indicates that lipid is present.

27
Q

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

A

Amino acids

28
Q

How is a peptide bond formed?

A

A condensation reaction between two amino acids.

29
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

Many amino acids joined together.

30
Q

Describe the biuret test for proteins.

A

Mix the sample with the sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, add very dilute copper(II) sulfate solution, mix gently, a purple colour indicates that peptide bonds are present.

31
Q

How does an enzyme affect a reaction?

A

It lowers the activation energy.

32
Q

Give five factors which can affect enzyme action.

A

Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, inhibitor concentration.

33
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor?

A

A molecule with a similar shape to the substrate, allowing it to occupy the site of the enzyme.

34
Q

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

A

A molecule that changes the shape of the enzyme by binding somewhere other than the active site.

A Level Biology (11 decks)

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