Disease and immunity Flashcards
- Disease - Immunity
Pathogens
These are organisms that cause disease, e.g. bacteria and viruses. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be passed from organism to organism e.g. TB, Malaria and HIV
Lifestyle
Certain lifestyles can increase the risk of getting some diseases, e.g. smokers are more likely to get lung cancer.
Genetic defects
Some diseases are caused by mutations in a person’s genes, e.g. cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in a gene for a protein.
Risk factor
A risk factor is something that increases the chances of something bad happening. For example, smoking is a risk factor for heart disease - if you smoke you are more likely to get heart disease.
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: Smoking
Mouth, lung and throat cancer, emphysema and other lung diseases, cardiovascular disease.
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: High blood pressure
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: Drinking too much alcohol
Mouth, stomach, liver and breast cancer, possibly many other cancers, cardiovascular disease
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: Overweight/obese
Various cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: Unbalanced diet
Various cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What is the disease linked to the risk factor: Using sunbeds
Skin cancer
Give an example of an infectious disease.
TB, HIV, Malaria
What are pathogens?
Organisms that cause disease
What is a risk factor?
Something that increases the chances of something bad happening.
List two diseases that smoking is a risk factor for.
Any two from: Lung cancer, mouth cancer, throat cancer, emphysema, and other lung diseases, cardiovascular disease
What type of blood cells detect pathogens?
Phagocytes
Some white blood cells produce antibodies that bind to _____.
Antigens
What are the cells that produce antibodies called?
B-cells or B-lymphocytes
What is the name of the cell involved in communication between phagocytes and B-cells?
T-cells or T-lymphocytes
What do vaccinations allow you to do?
Vaccinations against a pathogen give you the ability to respond rapidly to an infection by that pathogen (immunity).
What do vaccines contain?
Vaccines contain antigens from a pathogen in a form that can’t harm you, e.g. attached to dead bacteria.
What do phagocytes detect?
Foreign antigens
What kind of white blood cells produce antibodies?
B-cells
What is the role of T-cells?
To communicate between phagocytes and B-cells.
What do vaccines contain?
Antigens from a pathogen in a form that can’t harm you.
