Cell Structure

Question 1

What are prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 1

Single celled organisms that are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic organisms e.g. bacteria

Question 2

What are eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 2

Multi-cellular organisms that are complex and include all animal and plant cells.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) that controls what the cell does.

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

The cytoplasm contains enzymes that speed up biochemical reactions.

Question 5

Cell-surface membrane

Answer 5

The cell-surface membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

The mitochondria are where glucose and oxygen are used in respiration to provide a source of energy for the cell.

Question 7

Rigid cell wall

Answer 7

The rigid cell wall made of cellulose, gives the cell support.

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

The vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Answer 9

The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. They are found in the green parts of the plants e.g. leaves and stems.

Question 10

How small are prokaryotes like bacteria cells?

Answer 10

A tenth of the size of eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

How do bacterial cells move?

Answer 11

Their flagellum rotates which propels the cell forward.

Question 12

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 12

A bacterium

Question 13

Name four organelles that plant and animal cells both have.

Answer 13

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria.

Question 14

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 14

Provide energy for respiration

Question 14

By how much can a light microscope magnify objects by?

Answer 14

1500 times

Question 15

Eye piece

Answer 15

You look down here

Question 16

Coarse adjustment knob

Answer 16

To bring the specimen roughly into focus.

Question 17

Fine adjustment knob

Answer 17

To finely tune the focus.

Question 18

High and Low objective lenses

Answer 18

These magnify the specimen.

Question 19

Stage

Answer 19

Where you put the microscope slide.

Question 20

Light

Answer 20

So you can see through the specimen.

Question 21

By how much can an electron microscope magnify objects by?

Answer 21

More than 500,000

Question 22

Name three things visible with a light microscope in both animal and plant cells.

Answer 22

Any three from: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 23

Which type of microscope must be used to show the detailed ultrastructure of a cell?

Answer 23

An electron microscope

Question 24

What is the image recorded by an electron microscope called?

Answer 24

An electron micrograph

Question 25

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 25

The nucleus contains DNA

Question 26

What does and electron micrograph show?

Answer 26

An electron micrograph shows that there’s a double membrane round the nucleus.

Question 27

How big are mitochondria?

Answer 27

Mitochondria are about the size of bacteria cells. They can be seen with a light microscope but need to be looked at under an electron microscope to see greater detail.

Question 28

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

GLUCOSE + OXYGEN –> CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER (+ENERGY)

Question 29

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ATP)

Question 30

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 30

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 31

Which organelle acts as the control centre of the cell.

Answer 31

The nucleus

Question 32

In which organelle aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 32

The mitochondria.

Question 33

Describe the membranes of a miochondrion.

Answer 33

There is a smooth outer membrane and a folded inner membrane.

Question 34

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 34

GLUCOSE + OXYGEN –> CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER (+ENERGY)

Question 35

Name the molecule used to provide energy for processes in the cell.

Answer 35

Adenosine triphosphate/ ATP

Question 36

Name the molecule that is found in bundles in plant cell walls.

Answer 36

Cellulose

Question 37

What are the four ways substances can pass through membranes?

Answer 37

Diffusion, osmosis, Facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Question 38

Diffusion

Answer 38

The net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, across a partially permeable membrane. e.g. water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 39

Osmosis

Answer 39

The net movement of water molecules from an are of higher concentration (potential) of water molecules to an area of lower concentration (potential) of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 40

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 40

Glucose and many other water-soluble molecules are too big to diffuse across the membrane by themselves. They must be helped across by carrier protein. Each substance has its own specific carrier protein.

Question 41

Active transport

Answer 41

The net movement of molecules against the concentration gradient from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. this requires ATP/energy.

Question 42

Name the two types of molecule that make up the cell membrane.

Answer 42

Phospholipids and protein molecules.

Question 43

Give another term for the concentration of water molecules.

Answer 43

Water potential

Question 43

What do you call the diffusion of water molecules through the cell membrane?

Answer 43

Osmosis

Question 43

Give four ways substances can cross cell membranes

Answer 43

Diffusion, active transport, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

Question 43

Name two types of protein involved in facilitated diffusion.

Answer 43

Carrier and channel proteins

Question 44

Why does active transport requite ATP?

Answer 44

To provide the energy needed for the process