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Biology- mocks > The circulatory system > Flashcards

The circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the main parts the circulatory system consists of

A

blood
heart
vessels

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2
Q

what are the main types of blood vessels and what is their function

A

arteries
vessels
capillaries

function:- transport blood throughout the body

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3
Q

what is the function of the artery

A

transport oxygeynated blood from the heart to the other parts of the body

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4
Q

what are the adaptations of the arteries

A

elastic fibres - helps the arteries to stretch and recoil

thick muscular walls - to cope with blood that are pumped at a high pressure by the heart.

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5
Q

how are the capillaries are being formed.

A

by the arteries being branched into thin vessels

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6
Q

what are the functions of capillaries

A

exchange the oxygen , food and waste products ( carbon dioxide) to the cells

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7
Q

what is the function of veins

A

transport deoxygenated blood from the other organs of the body back to the heart

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8
Q

what are the adaptations of veins

A
  • thinner walls than arteries - because the blood is flowing at a lower pressure
  • wider cross section than arteries- because blood is flowing at a lower pressure
  • have valves - to prevent the back flow of blood
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9
Q

The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood to the body. what are the chambers of the heart

A
  • right atrium
  • left atrium
  • right ventricle
    -left ventricle
  • also have valves and pacemakers
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10
Q

what is the function of the pacemakers

A

to send electrical pulses to help the heart to beat a normal rate.

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11
Q

describe the blood flow pf the heart

A
  • deoxygenated blood from the
    other parts of the body enters
    the right atrium through
    venacava
  • once the atria are filled they pump the blood to the ventricles
  • as the ventricles filled up with the blood it pumps the blood out of the heart to the lungs via pulmonary artery.
  • then when the blood has being oxygenated from the lungs the oxygenated blood enters the left artium of the heart via pulmonary vein.
  • as the left atrium filled with blood it pumps the blood to the left ventricle
  • as the ventricle also then filled up with blood it pumps blood out of the heart to the
    other parts of the body via the aorta.
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12
Q

what is the function of the coronary artery

A

It supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

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13
Q

why is the human circulatory system called ‘double circulatory system’

A

because blood passes 2 times through each circuit in the circulatory system

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14
Q

what is the meaning of gas exchange in the heart

A

exchange of carbon dioxide
and oxygen in blood and the air in the lungs

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15
Q

describe the pathway of the gas exchange at the lungs

A
  • the air is breathed through the TRACHEA
    -TRACHEA is divided in to BRONCHIS
  • BRONCHIS are then divide into BRONCHIOLES
  • BRONCHIOLES are being divide into ALVEOLIS
  • they are surrounded by a system of capillaries, allowing the gas to exchange
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16
Q

what are ALVEOLIS

A

tiny air sacs found in the lungs
- oxygen and blood move in the alveoli by diffusion

17
Q

what are the adaptations of alveoli

A
  • have a large surface area
  • surrounded by loads of capillaries - to get a good blood supply and diffusion is easier
18
Q

what are the components of blood tissue/ plama

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
19
Q

features and functions of PLATELETS ( fragments)

A

function:- trigger blood clotting in wounded areas of the body

  • no nucleus
20
Q

what is the function of the RBC

A

carry oxygen from lungs to the other parts of the body

21
Q

name some features and adaptations of RBC

A

no nucleus
- free up more room for haemoglobin
-increase the amount of oxygen it can carry.
Haemoglobin
- find in the RBC
- binds with oxygen in lungs
- carry out oxygen to the other body cells to use in cell respiration.
small shape
- so that RBC can fit in to small capillaries
biconcave shape
- increase the surface area to rapid oxygen diffusion

22
Q

what is the function of the WBC

A

to defence against the harmful pathogens

23
Q

features and adaptations of the WBC

A
  • have a nucleus
  • can change the shape - so that it can fit into any size of vessels and defence against the pathogens

Biology- mocks (6 decks)

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