Enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
biological catalysts that are being used to speed up a reaction
what is the active site
the part of the enzyme which is attach a specific substrate
what is a catalyst
a substance which speed up the reaction without being changed or used up
what is a substrate
the molecule/s which takes part in the reaction which is attached to the active site of the enzyme
describe “the lock and the key theory
there ‘s an active site in the enzyme which attach the specific molecule that has been used in the chemical reaction.The size and the shape of the substrate id perfectly matches to the enzyme’s active site
describe the “ the induced fit model”
in some cases, the active site doesn’t have to perfectly fit in to to the substrate. this because enzyme’s active site is complementary to the substrate which means that the active site slightly changes it’s shape to fit in to the shape of the substrate
what are the factors that affect the enzyme action
= temperature
= effect of pH
how does the temperature affect the enzyme action
there should be an optimum temperature for the catalysts to react. at optimum temperature the enzyme and the substrate collide effectively and makes the reaction effective
what is the optimum temperature in the human body
37 Celsius
what will happen if the temperature is higher in body
the shape of the enzyme will be disrupted and the catalysts will be denatured so the chemical reaction will not be effective
name a chemical reaction that take place in the body
-respiration
-digestion
how are the enzyme become denatured
the enzymes are made up of protein and amino acid chains which are connected end to end. t they are connected by amino acid molecules .when the temperature is high the shape of these chains are changed ,so they are no longer fit into the enzyme’s active site/ substrate which means that the chemical reaction is not effective
how does the pH value affect the enzyme action
the enzymes are consists of amino acids, which carries a charge.so , when the pH value changes ,the amino acids which carried a charge will attracted to different amino acid ,this folds the enzyme so that the shape of the active site/ substrates changed
how does the stomach maintains it’s optimum pH range
by producing hydrochloric acid
what are the 3 main digestive enzymes
= amylase
= protease
= lipase
what are the enzymes that are been used in digestion
1) carbohydrase
carbohydrates—-> simple sugars
amylase
ex- starch—-> glucose
2) protease
proteins—->amino acids
3) lipase
lipids—-> fatty acids+glycerol
what is the use of the liver in the digestive system
produces bile ,and processes food molecules that has being absorbed
where is the bile is stored
in the gallblader
what is the function of bile
-EMULSIFICATION -breaks down the lipids/ fats to create a larger surface area which helps the catalyse the digestion
-bile neutralises the stomach acidity so that the enzymes do not get denatured
is BILE acidic or alkaline
alkaline
what are the uses of digestive enzymes
=break down the large insoluble food molecules to smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed to the bloodstream
= makes carbohydrates, protein, lipids, from the digestive molecules
= some glucose produced in the digestion can be used for respiration
describe amylase
(production,active site,purpose)
produced in-
salivary glands
pancreas
purpose =
starch—-.> maltose+ other sugars
active sites -
- small intestine
- mouth
describe proteases
(production, purpose,active site)
production = pancreas, stomach
purpose=
proteins—–> amino acids
active sites = small intestine , stomach
describe lipase
(production, active site, purpose)
produce - small intestine ,pancreas
purpose =
lipids—-> fatty acids + glyceroll
active sites = stomach
