Enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes

Answer 1

biological catalysts that are being used to speed up a reaction

Question 2

what is the active site

Answer 2

the part of the enzyme which is attach a specific substrate

Question 3

what is a catalyst

Answer 3

a substance which speed up the reaction without being changed or used up

Question 4

what is a substrate

Answer 4

the molecule/s which takes part in the reaction which is attached to the active site of the enzyme

Question 5

describe “the lock and the key theory

Answer 5

there ‘s an active site in the enzyme which attach the specific molecule that has been used in the chemical reaction.The size and the shape of the substrate id perfectly matches to the enzyme’s active site

Question 6

describe the “ the induced fit model”

Answer 6

in some cases, the active site doesn’t have to perfectly fit in to to the substrate. this because enzyme’s active site is complementary to the substrate which means that the active site slightly changes it’s shape to fit in to the shape of the substrate

Question 7

what are the factors that affect the enzyme action

Answer 7

= temperature
= effect of pH

Question 8

how does the temperature affect the enzyme action

Answer 8

there should be an optimum temperature for the catalysts to react. at optimum temperature the enzyme and the substrate collide effectively and makes the reaction effective

Question 9

what is the optimum temperature in the human body

Answer 9

37 Celsius

Question 10

what will happen if the temperature is higher in body

Answer 10

the shape of the enzyme will be disrupted and the catalysts will be denatured so the chemical reaction will not be effective

Question 11

name a chemical reaction that take place in the body

Answer 11

-respiration
-digestion

Question 12

how are the enzyme become denatured

Answer 12

the enzymes are made up of protein and amino acid chains which are connected end to end. t they are connected by amino acid molecules .when the temperature is high the shape of these chains are changed ,so they are no longer fit into the enzyme’s active site/ substrate which means that the chemical reaction is not effective

Question 13

how does the pH value affect the enzyme action

Answer 13

the enzymes are consists of amino acids, which carries a charge.so , when the pH value changes ,the amino acids which carried a charge will attracted to different amino acid ,this folds the enzyme so that the shape of the active site/ substrates changed

Question 14

how does the stomach maintains it’s optimum pH range

Answer 14

by producing hydrochloric acid

Question 15

what are the 3 main digestive enzymes

Answer 15

= amylase
= protease
= lipase

Question 16

what are the enzymes that are been used in digestion

Answer 16

1) carbohydrase
carbohydrates—-> simple sugars
amylase
ex- starch—-> glucose
2) protease
proteins—->amino acids
3) lipase
lipids—-> fatty acids+glycerol

Question 17

what is the use of the liver in the digestive system

Answer 17

produces bile ,and processes food molecules that has being absorbed

Question 18

where is the bile is stored

Answer 18

in the gallblader

Question 19

what is the function of bile

Answer 19

-EMULSIFICATION -breaks down the lipids/ fats to create a larger surface area which helps the catalyse the digestion
-bile neutralises the stomach acidity so that the enzymes do not get denatured

Question 20

is BILE acidic or alkaline

Answer 20

alkaline

Question 21

what are the uses of digestive enzymes

Answer 21

=break down the large insoluble food molecules to smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed to the bloodstream
= makes carbohydrates, protein, lipids, from the digestive molecules
= some glucose produced in the digestion can be used for respiration

Question 22

describe amylase
(production,active site,purpose)

Answer 22

produced in-
salivary glands
pancreas
purpose =
starch—-.> maltose+ other sugars

active sites -
- small intestine
- mouth

Question 23

describe proteases
(production, purpose,active site)

Answer 23

production = pancreas, stomach

purpose=
proteins—–> amino acids

active sites = small intestine , stomach

Question 24

describe lipase
(production, active site, purpose)

Answer 24

produce - small intestine ,pancreas
purpose =
lipids—-> fatty acids + glyceroll
active sites = stomach

Question 25

describe the test for carbohydrates

Answer 25

• Iodine solution is addes
• starch is present = blue/blck colour

Question 26

describe the test for protein

Answer 26

• Biuret solution is added
• protein present = purple colour

Question 27

describe the test for lipids

Answer 27

• add ethanol and shake well
• if lipids present = milky/ cloudy
• sudan 3 solution
• if lipids are present = a red oil layer floats

Question 28

describe the test for sugar

Answer 28

• Benedict’s solution is added
• if sugar is present= greeen ,yellow, red