communicable diseases

Question 1

what are 4 main types of pathogens

Answer 1

• fungi
• bacteria
• virus
• protists

Question 2

how are the infections are caused

Answer 2

when the harmful, foreign pathogens invade the organism

Question 3

what is the activity/features of the VIRUSES

Answer 3

• non living
• grows rapidly
• invades the hosts cells and starts to grow/rapidly creating new virus particles
• when the virus particles are made , the cells are being burst
• when the cells are being burst, it makes us feel ill.

Question 4

what is the activity/features of BACTERIA

Answer 4

• living
• grows rapidly in appropriate conditions - warm, moist conditions with good oxygen supply
• The bacteria produces toxins which damage the tissues and cells which makes us ill

Question 5

what are the features/activity of fungi

Answer 5

• single- celled organisms , structure is made of hyphane (thread like structure)
• hyphane can grow and penetrate cells, tissues
• produces spores and can spread to plants and animals

Question 6

what is the activity/features of PROTISTS

Answer 6

• single celled , eukaryotic organisms
• most are parasites -lives in or on other organisms
• transferred to the host organism by a vector - mosquito or insect
• damages the tissues and makes us feel ill

Question 7

what are the 3 main ways to spread diseases

Answer 7

• water - some pathogens contaminate water and when organisms drink that water , they get infected_ cholerra
• air - when the host sneeze or cough the droplets can have infections , when that air get breathed they get infected_ flu, common cold
• direct contact - pathogens can live on the surfaces such as skin, when someone touches the surface they might get infected _ athlete’s foot

Question 8

what can done to prevent the infection spread

Answer 8

• vaccination - increase the immunity, when more people are vaccinated it is less number of people are likely to get infected
• hygiene - wash or destroys the pathogens, use antibacterial cleaning agents to clean the hands ,surfaces, using a handkerchief when sneezing -
• isolation- infected people are being isolated ,so that others do not get in contact which prevents the infection spread.
• protective measures - be aware of the protists such as mosquito - using mosquito nets

Question 9

what are some diseases spread by viruses?

Answer 9

• tobacco mosaic virus discolouration of the plant leaves ,stunt the growth as it cannot do photosynthesis
• measles - red skin rash
  A lot of people are being vaccinated against measles - the virus is spread by inhaling the air when people cough or sneeze
• HIV -spread by sexual contatct or by the transferring body fluids ( blood when using needles)- AIDS is another name given to HIV. HIV cause the immune cells to damage

Question 10

what are some diseases spread by bacteria

Answer 10

• SALMONELLA - caused when people eat unheiginaclly prepared food ,the bacteria found in those food cause food poisoning ,vomiting
• GONORREOHEA - sexually transmitted
  thick green or yellow discharge from the vagina or penis
  barrier methods of contraception can be used to prevent spreading the bacteria

Question 11

name a fungal disease

Answer 11

rose black spots- spread by fungi transmitted to by air or water.
=form purple or black spots in rose plant leaves
=leaves then fall off
fungicides can be used to prevent it spread
=malaria causes severe fevers which cause deaths