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anatomy > the circulatory system > Flashcards

the circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the heart do?

A

pumps blood

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2
Q

name the three blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

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3
Q

what are the differences between the lungs?

A

left lung is smaller, right lung is bigger

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4
Q

are the lungs in direct contact with each other?

A

thee lungs do not have direct contact with each other

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5
Q

what type of blood do the different blood vessels transport

A

arteries are oxygenated, veins are deoxygenated, and the capillaries transport both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

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6
Q

in circulation what needs to be transported?

A

nutrients, fuels, respiratory gases, intracellular waste, protective agents, regulatory molecules (horomones)

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7
Q

what are metabolic wastes

A

wastes when a chemical reaction occured and the chemical reaction needed to be ridden

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8
Q

what do arteries do?

A

arteries carry blood AWAY from heart

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9
Q

what do veins do?

A

veins RETURN blood TO the heart

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10
Q

what are capillaries?

A

capillaries are think walls where exchange and diffusion occurs

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11
Q

what are small arteries

A

arterioles

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12
Q

what are small veins

A

venules

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13
Q

what are networks of capillaries called

A

capillary beds

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14
Q

name the three components of our blood

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes (platetes)

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15
Q

how many chambers of the heart are there

A

4 chambers

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16
Q

what is diffusion

A

high concentration to low concentration

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17
Q

what type of transport is diffusion

A

passive transport

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18
Q

what are arteries built for

A

arteries are built up for high pressure pump

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19
Q

what is associated with pulse rate

A

arteries

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20
Q

what do arteries have?

A

arteries have thicker walls, narrow diameter, elasticity

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21
Q

why do arteries have thicker walls

A

to provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood

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22
Q

why are arteries elastic

A

they are elastic because elastic recoil helps maintain blood pressure even when the heart is relaxed

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23
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

plaque buildup in the arteries

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24
Q

what do arteries do

A

arteries move oxygen rich blood away from the heart and the other body parts to get oxygen

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25
Q

what are veins built for

A

veins are built for low pressure flow

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26
Q

what do veins do?

A

veins carry oxygen toward the heart

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27
Q

what are the characteristics of veins

A

veins have valves, thinner walls, and a wider diamter

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28
Q

why do veins have a wider diameter

A

veins have a wider diameter to lower pressure

29
Q

what type of pressure does blood undergo in the vein

A

blood undergoes low velocity and pressure

30
Q

why must there be lower pressure at the veins

A

because blood must flow by skeletal muscle contractions when we move so we can squeeze blood through the veins

31
Q

what do larger veins have

A

one way valves

32
Q

why do veins have valves

A

to prevent the black flow of blood and to allow for blood to defy gravity and move toward the heart

33
Q

what are varicose veins

A

malfunction of the valves when the veins are constantly open

34
Q

what are capillaries built for

A

capillaries are built for exchange as they are the only blood vessels where diffusion occurs

35
Q

what do capillaries have

A

very thin walls

36
Q

why do capillaries have very thin walls

A

they lack 2 outer wall layers and only have an endothelium to enhance exchange across the capillary

37
Q

what is diffusion

A

the exchange between blood and cells

38
Q

compare the blood vessels in thickness

A

arteries have 3 layers and are the thickest, veins have 3 layers and are thinner but their diameter is wider while capillaries are one cell layer thick

39
Q

what is the direction of the artery

A

away from heart

40
Q

what is the direction of vein

A

toward heart

41
Q

what is the direction of the capillaries

A

both away and toward

42
Q

what only has valves

A

veins

43
Q

blood flow speed in blood vessels

A

arteries have high pressure and are the fastest, veins have low pressure and are slower while capillaries are the slowest

44
Q

what is are blood composed of

A

liquid plasma which is 55% and cellular components which are 45%

45
Q

what is plasma

A

plasma is 90% water with certain ions and has a basic ph

46
Q

what are red blood cells called

A

erythocyctes

47
Q

what are red blood cells

A

biconcave discs

48
Q

why are red blood cells red

A

they are red because of hemoglobin which is essential for red blood cells as it helps them grab onto oxygen and carbon dioxide

49
Q

what are white blood cells called

A

they are called leukocytes and vary in shapes and form

50
Q

what are plaletes

A

platelets are cell fragments that clout our blood

51
Q

major functions of plasma

A

solvent for carrying other substances, osmotic balance, ph buffering, maintaining ion concentration of interstitial fluid

52
Q

what floats around in plasma

A

immunoglobulins for defense and fibrinogen for clotting

53
Q

what are neutrophils

A

nucleus with several lobes, has active phagocytes, 60% white blood cells and are present in the pus of wounds

54
Q

what are basophils

A

responsible for allergic responses, produces heparin and histamines (inflammation) and are important in inflammatory reactions, they are 1% white blood cells

55
Q

what are eosinophils

A

they mainly attack parasites and are 2% white blood cells

56
Q

what are monocytes

A

they are larger cells that have horseshoe shaped nucleus and they become marcophages which are at work with phagocytes

57
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell, almost no cytoplasm, defends against invaders, yields antibodies, 30% white blood cells

58
Q

coagulation

A

the thickening of a blood to form a clot

59
Q

why does our body attack blood types that arent ours

A

blood has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body

60
Q

what erythrocytes and plasma does type a have

A

antigen a erythrocytes, anti b antibodies in plasma

61
Q

what erythrocytes and plasma does blood type b have

A

antigen b erythrocytes, anti a antibodies plasma

62
Q

what erythrocytes and plasma does type ab have

A

they have antigens a and b for erythrocytes, and for plasma they have neither anti a or anti b antibodies

63
Q

what erythrocytes and plasma does type o have

A

type o has neither antigen a nor b and for plasma they have both anti a and anti b antibodies

64
Q

rh factor

A

a person can either be rh positive or negative, and positive is dominant

65
Q

where is blood made? what is the process called?

A

it is made in bone marrow and the process is called hematopesis

66
Q

the thickening of blood to form a clot is called

A

coagulation

67
Q

why is the endothelium only one cell layer thick in the capillary

A

enhances exchange (diffusion) across capillary

68
Q

where are the antibodies found in the blood

A

plasma

69
Q

what disease causes the inability to clot blood

A

hemophelia

anatomy (7 decks)

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