the circulatory system

Question 1

what does the heart do?

Answer 1

pumps blood

Question 2

name the three blood vessels

Answer 2

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 3

what are the differences between the lungs?

Answer 3

left lung is smaller, right lung is bigger

Question 4

are the lungs in direct contact with each other?

Answer 4

thee lungs do not have direct contact with each other

Question 5

what type of blood do the different blood vessels transport

Answer 5

arteries are oxygenated, veins are deoxygenated, and the capillaries transport both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 6

in circulation what needs to be transported?

Answer 6

nutrients, fuels, respiratory gases, intracellular waste, protective agents, regulatory molecules (horomones)

Question 7

what are metabolic wastes

Answer 7

wastes when a chemical reaction occured and the chemical reaction needed to be ridden

Question 8

what do arteries do?

Answer 8

arteries carry blood AWAY from heart

Question 9

what do veins do?

Answer 9

veins RETURN blood TO the heart

Question 10

what are capillaries?

Answer 10

capillaries are think walls where exchange and diffusion occurs

Question 11

what are small arteries

Answer 11

arterioles

Question 12

what are small veins

Answer 12

venules

Question 13

what are networks of capillaries called

Answer 13

capillary beds

Question 14

name the three components of our blood

Answer 14

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes (platetes)

Question 15

how many chambers of the heart are there

Answer 15

4 chambers

Question 16

what is diffusion

Answer 16

high concentration to low concentration

Question 17

what type of transport is diffusion

Answer 17

passive transport

Question 18

what are arteries built for

Answer 18

arteries are built up for high pressure pump

Question 19

what is associated with pulse rate

Answer 19

arteries

Question 20

what do arteries have?

Answer 20

arteries have thicker walls, narrow diameter, elasticity

Question 21

why do arteries have thicker walls

Answer 21

to provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood

Question 22

why are arteries elastic

Answer 22

they are elastic because elastic recoil helps maintain blood pressure even when the heart is relaxed

Question 23

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 23

plaque buildup in the arteries

Question 24

what do arteries do

Answer 24

arteries move oxygen rich blood away from the heart and the other body parts to get oxygen

Question 25

what are veins built for

Answer 25

veins are built for low pressure flow

Question 26

what do veins do?

Answer 26

veins carry oxygen toward the heart

Question 27

what are the characteristics of veins

Answer 27

veins have valves, thinner walls, and a wider diamter

Question 28

why do veins have a wider diameter

Answer 28

veins have a wider diameter to lower pressure

Question 29

what type of pressure does blood undergo in the vein

Answer 29

blood undergoes low velocity and pressure

Question 30

why must there be lower pressure at the veins

Answer 30

because blood must flow by skeletal muscle contractions when we move so we can squeeze blood through the veins

Question 31

what do larger veins have

Answer 31

one way valves

Question 32

why do veins have valves

Answer 32

to prevent the black flow of blood and to allow for blood to defy gravity and move toward the heart

Question 33

what are varicose veins

Answer 33

malfunction of the valves when the veins are constantly open

Question 34

what are capillaries built for

Answer 34

capillaries are built for exchange as they are the only blood vessels where diffusion occurs

Question 35

what do capillaries have

Answer 35

very thin walls

Question 36

why do capillaries have very thin walls

Answer 36

they lack 2 outer wall layers and only have an endothelium to enhance exchange across the capillary

Question 37

what is diffusion

Answer 37

the exchange between blood and cells

Question 38

compare the blood vessels in thickness

Answer 38

arteries have 3 layers and are the thickest, veins have 3 layers and are thinner but their diameter is wider while capillaries are one cell layer thick

Question 39

what is the direction of the artery

Answer 39

away from heart

Question 40

what is the direction of vein

Answer 40

toward heart

Question 41

what is the direction of the capillaries

Answer 41

both away and toward

Question 42

what only has valves

Answer 42

veins

Question 43

blood flow speed in blood vessels

Answer 43

arteries have high pressure and are the fastest, veins have low pressure and are slower while capillaries are the slowest

Question 44

what is are blood composed of

Answer 44

liquid plasma which is 55% and cellular components which are 45%

Question 45

what is plasma

Answer 45

plasma is 90% water with certain ions and has a basic ph

Question 46

what are red blood cells called

Answer 46

erythocyctes

Question 47

what are red blood cells

Answer 47

biconcave discs

Question 48

why are red blood cells red

Answer 48

they are red because of hemoglobin which is essential for red blood cells as it helps them grab onto oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 49

what are white blood cells called

Answer 49

they are called leukocytes and vary in shapes and form

Question 50

what are plaletes

Answer 50

platelets are cell fragments that clout our blood

Question 51

major functions of plasma

Answer 51

solvent for carrying other substances, osmotic balance, ph buffering, maintaining ion concentration of interstitial fluid

Question 52

what floats around in plasma

Answer 52

immunoglobulins for defense and fibrinogen for clotting

Question 53

what are neutrophils

Answer 53

nucleus with several lobes, has active phagocytes, 60% white blood cells and are present in the pus of wounds

Question 54

what are basophils

Answer 54

responsible for allergic responses, produces heparin and histamines (inflammation) and are important in inflammatory reactions, they are 1% white blood cells

Question 55

what are eosinophils

Answer 55

they mainly attack parasites and are 2% white blood cells

Question 56

what are monocytes

Answer 56

they are larger cells that have horseshoe shaped nucleus and they become marcophages which are at work with phagocytes

Question 57

what are lymphocytes

Answer 57

nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell, almost no cytoplasm, defends against invaders, yields antibodies, 30% white blood cells

Question 58

coagulation

Answer 58

the thickening of a blood to form a clot

Question 59

why does our body attack blood types that arent ours

Answer 59

blood has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body

Question 60

what erythrocytes and plasma does type a have

Answer 60

antigen a erythrocytes, anti b antibodies in plasma

Question 61

what erythrocytes and plasma does blood type b have

Answer 61

antigen b erythrocytes, anti a antibodies plasma

Question 62

what erythrocytes and plasma does type ab have

Answer 62

they have antigens a and b for erythrocytes, and for plasma they have neither anti a or anti b antibodies

Question 63

what erythrocytes and plasma does type o have

Answer 63

type o has neither antigen a nor b and for plasma they have both anti a and anti b antibodies

Question 64

rh factor

Answer 64

a person can either be rh positive or negative, and positive is dominant

Question 65

where is blood made? what is the process called?

Answer 65

it is made in bone marrow and the process is called hematopesis

Question 66

the thickening of blood to form a clot is called

Answer 66

coagulation

Question 67

why is the endothelium only one cell layer thick in the capillary

Answer 67

enhances exchange (diffusion) across capillary

Question 68

where are the antibodies found in the blood

Answer 68

plasma

Question 69

what disease causes the inability to clot blood

Answer 69

hemophelia