the circulatory system Flashcards
what does the heart do?
pumps blood
name the three blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
what are the differences between the lungs?
left lung is smaller, right lung is bigger
are the lungs in direct contact with each other?
thee lungs do not have direct contact with each other
what type of blood do the different blood vessels transport
arteries are oxygenated, veins are deoxygenated, and the capillaries transport both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
in circulation what needs to be transported?
nutrients, fuels, respiratory gases, intracellular waste, protective agents, regulatory molecules (horomones)
what are metabolic wastes
wastes when a chemical reaction occured and the chemical reaction needed to be ridden
what do arteries do?
arteries carry blood AWAY from heart
what do veins do?
veins RETURN blood TO the heart
what are capillaries?
capillaries are think walls where exchange and diffusion occurs
what are small arteries
arterioles
what are small veins
venules
what are networks of capillaries called
capillary beds
name the three components of our blood
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes (platetes)
how many chambers of the heart are there
4 chambers
what is diffusion
high concentration to low concentration
what type of transport is diffusion
passive transport
what are arteries built for
arteries are built up for high pressure pump
what is associated with pulse rate
arteries
what do arteries have?
arteries have thicker walls, narrow diameter, elasticity
why do arteries have thicker walls
to provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood
why are arteries elastic
they are elastic because elastic recoil helps maintain blood pressure even when the heart is relaxed
what is atherosclerosis?
plaque buildup in the arteries
what do arteries do
arteries move oxygen rich blood away from the heart and the other body parts to get oxygen
what are veins built for
veins are built for low pressure flow
what do veins do?
veins carry oxygen toward the heart
what are the characteristics of veins
veins have valves, thinner walls, and a wider diamter
why do veins have a wider diameter
veins have a wider diameter to lower pressure
what type of pressure does blood undergo in the vein
blood undergoes low velocity and pressure
why must there be lower pressure at the veins
because blood must flow by skeletal muscle contractions when we move so we can squeeze blood through the veins
what do larger veins have
one way valves
why do veins have valves
to prevent the black flow of blood and to allow for blood to defy gravity and move toward the heart
what are varicose veins
malfunction of the valves when the veins are constantly open
what are capillaries built for
capillaries are built for exchange as they are the only blood vessels where diffusion occurs
what do capillaries have
very thin walls
why do capillaries have very thin walls
they lack 2 outer wall layers and only have an endothelium to enhance exchange across the capillary
what is diffusion
the exchange between blood and cells
compare the blood vessels in thickness
arteries have 3 layers and are the thickest, veins have 3 layers and are thinner but their diameter is wider while capillaries are one cell layer thick
what is the direction of the artery
away from heart
what is the direction of vein
toward heart
what is the direction of the capillaries
both away and toward
what only has valves
veins
blood flow speed in blood vessels
arteries have high pressure and are the fastest, veins have low pressure and are slower while capillaries are the slowest
what is are blood composed of
liquid plasma which is 55% and cellular components which are 45%
what is plasma
plasma is 90% water with certain ions and has a basic ph
what are red blood cells called
erythocyctes
what are red blood cells
biconcave discs
why are red blood cells red
they are red because of hemoglobin which is essential for red blood cells as it helps them grab onto oxygen and carbon dioxide
what are white blood cells called
they are called leukocytes and vary in shapes and form
what are plaletes
platelets are cell fragments that clout our blood
major functions of plasma
solvent for carrying other substances, osmotic balance, ph buffering, maintaining ion concentration of interstitial fluid
what floats around in plasma
immunoglobulins for defense and fibrinogen for clotting
what are neutrophils
nucleus with several lobes, has active phagocytes, 60% white blood cells and are present in the pus of wounds
what are basophils
responsible for allergic responses, produces heparin and histamines (inflammation) and are important in inflammatory reactions, they are 1% white blood cells
what are eosinophils
they mainly attack parasites and are 2% white blood cells
what are monocytes
they are larger cells that have horseshoe shaped nucleus and they become marcophages which are at work with phagocytes
what are lymphocytes
nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell, almost no cytoplasm, defends against invaders, yields antibodies, 30% white blood cells
coagulation
the thickening of a blood to form a clot
why does our body attack blood types that arent ours
blood has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body
what erythrocytes and plasma does type a have
antigen a erythrocytes, anti b antibodies in plasma
what erythrocytes and plasma does blood type b have
antigen b erythrocytes, anti a antibodies plasma
what erythrocytes and plasma does type ab have
they have antigens a and b for erythrocytes, and for plasma they have neither anti a or anti b antibodies
what erythrocytes and plasma does type o have
type o has neither antigen a nor b and for plasma they have both anti a and anti b antibodies
rh factor
a person can either be rh positive or negative, and positive is dominant
where is blood made? what is the process called?
it is made in bone marrow and the process is called hematopesis
the thickening of blood to form a clot is called
coagulation
why is the endothelium only one cell layer thick in the capillary
enhances exchange (diffusion) across capillary
where are the antibodies found in the blood
plasma
what disease causes the inability to clot blood
hemophelia
