The Church

Question 1

What was the hierarchy of the church?

Answer 1

The pope-head if everyone
Bishops, archbishops, cardinals-advised kings on how to govern their people
Parish priests-baptised, married and burned people
Monks and nuns-worshipped privately and cared for sick and poor
Fiars-travelling monks who begged for food in each village
Medieval people - all went to church and did pilgrimages

Question 2

How many archbishops did england have?

Answer 2

2, Archbishop of Canterbury and of York, Canterbury being most important

Question 3

How did people try to cure disease?

Answer 3

By having priests pray on them or recommending a pay penance in form of money or prayer as people thought diseases were gods punishment

Question 4

How did the church play a part in law?

Answer 4

Hears court cases for crime carried out on church land like theft or marriage of relatives

Question 5

How did the church have a role on economics?

Answer 5

Collected a tithe which was a 10% tax people had to pay to the church

Question 6

What were the various ways you could pay a tithe?

Answer 6

Money, seeds or equipment

Question 7

What was the church’s role in politics?

Answer 7

Leading church members (archbishops, bishops, abbots and sometimes abbesses) were part of the Witan

Question 8

Who were senior members of the witan?

Answer 8

Archbishops of Canterbury, York and Winchester

Question 9

What was the churches role in education?

Answer 9

Only institution that produced books and were copied and illustrated by monks hands to make new ones
Monks also copied medical texts and other important works allowing the church to control what was published

Question 10

How did the church play a part in religion?

Answer 10

• It ensured that people demonstrated their beliefs in god by going in church to go to heaven
• the church was a major landowner which peasants worked for free as they believed god may punish them for not working church land

Question 11

Who was Lanfranc?

Answer 11

Archbishop of Canterbury appointed by William in 1070 once he gained full control over England

Question 12

Why was lanfranc good chosen for his job?

Answer 12

• opened a school in Bec in 1045 that children all over Europe came from
• in 1039 he was master of the Cathedral school in Avvanches
• in 1066, was appointed first Abbot of Abbey of St-Etienne at Cean, Normandy

Question 13

KEY TERM FOR SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

What was pluralism?

Answer 13

When a number if clergy held more than one position and was argued they couldn’t properly fulfil either role

Question 14

KEY TERM FOR SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

What was simony?

Answer 14

When positions in the church were often sold

Question 15

KEY TERM FOR SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

What was Nepotism?

Answer 15

When church positions were often given to relatives and friends instead of most suitable candidates

Question 16

KEY TERM FOR SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

What was lack of celibacy?

Answer 16

When many clergy were married so they went against the traditional vow of abstaining from sexual relations

Question 17

What were some problems with the church?

Answer 17

Pluralism
Simony
Nepotism
Lack of celibacy

Question 18

How many AS bishops were left by 1080?

Answer 18

Only one AS bishop left

Question 19

What did the council of Winchester order and when?

Answer 19

In 1076, they ordered only church courts could try the clergy

Question 20

What did the Normans change about members of the clergy?

Answer 20

They were not allowed to get married

Question 21

Give some changes the Normans made to church architecture

Answer 21

They rebuilt churches and cathedrals including winchester, Rochester, Norwich,e.t.c, and favoured clean lines with simple yet impressive design

Question 22

Give some changes the Normans made to church organisation

Answer 22

Each diocese (administrative area) was controlled by a Bishop

Question 23

Give some changes Normans made to legal issues with the church?

Answer 23

• William insisted bishop odo be tried as earl of Kent so he’d go to the kings court
• every household has to pay a tax of 1pence to the pope as William adhered to the papal law

Question 24

How did the Normans cause change to parish priests?

Answer 24

The number of priests rose but as most AS priests kept their jobs, peasant religious life did NOT change

Question 25

Who was pope Alexander II?

Answer 25

A pope who supported William’s invasion in 1066

Question 26

How did the church have wealth?

Answer 26

• Held 1/4 of all land in England by 1086
• people were taxed when they died
• people had to pay surplice fees for priest ceremonies e.g. marriages

Question 27

How did the church have power?

Answer 27

• Everyone believed religion had a lot of influence on daily life
• People went to parish churches each week for a priest to tell them how to live and get to heaven
• the pope was probably the most powerful individual in Europe

Question 28

How were William I ‘s relations to the church regarding wealth and power?

Answer 28

Wealth: Took advantage of the Church and used a geld to take money from religious houses

Power: used religious positions of power to promote and reward people sometimes angering the pope who believed this was his job

Question 29

How were William II ‘s relations to the church regarding wealth and power?

Answer 29

Wealth: used geld tax to extract money from the church and took Lanfranc’s church property and land once he died in 1089

Power: tried to get stronger relations with the pope

Question 30

How were Henry I ‘s relations to the church regarding wealth and power?

Answer 30

Wealth: exiled Archbishop Anselm in 1103 as he refused to pay him homage making the new bishop and Archbishop have to pay homage

Power: Henry could no longer appoint bishops and abbots (only pope could) and the pope threatened him with excommunication (not going to heaven) but reached a compromise, concordat of London

Question 31

Who was Anselm?

Answer 31

Archbishop of Canterbury appointed by William II but then fled in 1097 due to arguments with the king