Quick Revision Summary Of Topic Flashcards
How did Harold prepare for Williams invasion?
Marched to London covering 200 miles in 4-5 days
How did William prepare better than Harold?
Choose Pevensy as a place to land as it was safe for the army and supplies and he could erect castles to provide further defence
How did William secure his position while Harold was still up north?
Build flat pack castles, refuelled his army, plundered and choose the bottom of Senlac hill
How were the Anglo Saxons defeated
The normans used feigned retreat breaking Harold’s shield wall and causing his death
Give a rebellion William faced?
Harrying of the North
How did William still have to fight to make himself king of England after Hastings?
Through using terror, military presence, patronage (bribes for loyalty), concessions (giving enemies what they want so they support you) and legality
Give an example of how rebellions became more serious in 1068
Ralph, earl of Norfolk was able to revolt as he inherited most of his father’s land and titles
In 1069, how did William harshly Deal with the Harrying of the North?
Injured 100,000
Made 80% of Yorkshire a wasteland
How did William build castles to prevent rebellion?
By 1100 all castles were made of stone and protected the nobility from angry peasants
When was the last English rebellion over by?
1071
Why did the Harrying of the North fail?
They had poor planning
the Danes didn’t arrive on time
Archbishop excommunicated Roger until he dropped plans for revolt
How was Edward influenced by the Godwin family?
Harold Godwinson was his half brother
Why was Harold Godwinson king after Edward?
He sometimes governed the country on his behalf and so the witan deemed him most appropriate
Why did William duke of Normandy claim the throne?
He was a distant cousin of Edward through his mum Emma and claimed he was promised the throne by Edward
Why was Harold Hardrada claimant to the throne?
Claimed the previous king Canute promised him the throne
What was land distribution like under the Normans?
The church earned 25% of land and William earned only 20%, Norman aristocracy earned 25% and the remaining 30% belonged to 250 people
What features of AS government did William keep and what did he add?
Trial courts but added sheriffs and trial by combat
How did William commission the domesday survey in 1085?
Sent trusted commissioners around the country and was written by monks or scribes in Latin
What did William try to make the legal system more uniform across the country?
Introduced the Norman feudal system
How did daily life in villages stay the same?
Peasants were given small areas of land
Animals and people lived in one hut
25 to 30% of the village was for the Lord
What were the major differences between the life and the diet of the poor and rich?
The rich ate a lot of meat and was unhealthy
The poor mainly ate porridge, vegetables, bread and drank beer
How is life in towns different to life in villages?
Villages were centres of trade
How did the Norman conquest have a significant impact on towns?
Trade links between England and France were improved
What were the economic consequences of the Norman conquest?
Compensations to deaths became payable to the king instead of the family affected so he could gain more money
How did William aim to reform the church?
By appointing Norman Archbishop Lanfranc
What reforms did Lanfranc introduce from 1070?
He ended marriage amongst clergy
Move cathedrals to towns and cities with larger populations
Introduced a new church hierarchy
How did William Rufus have bad relations with the church?
Use geld taxes to extract money from the church
Had arguments with Anselm as Archbishop of Canterbury who then fled in 1097
How did William the first have good relations with the pope
Both the Pope and William wanted to get rid of simony, enforce celibacy and remove Englishmen from powerful roles in the church as the pope was scared they were corrupt and as William didn’t trust them
How did the Normans drastically change church buildings?
They added cathedrals to monasteries
They used Romanesque design in their architecture
How did the use of language transform under the Normans?
Nobility mainly spoke Anglo-French
Peasants still spoke English
How did monasteries have a significant impact on education?
They taught for ages below 10 to university
What monistic reforms did lanfranc introduce in 1077?
Structured monks lives
Changed the liturgy (words at service)
Made strict rules about creating saints
How did reforms dramatically increase Monasticism?
Between 1066 to 1135 the number of monks and nuns increased from 1000 to 5000
The number of religious houses grew from around 60 to 250
