Monasticism

Question 1

What was the hierarchy in a monastery?

Answer 1

Pope - head of church
Abbot - Ness of monastery and would inherit land
Prior - ran the monastery when abbot was away
Obedientaries - senior monks
Monks and nuns - full members who had taken their vows
Novices - monks who hadn’t yet taken their vows

Question 2

What did senior monks include?

Answer 2

Cellarer who looked after food, informerer who looked after sick monks, guest master who looked after pilgrims and travellers, sacrists who looked after church arrangements and almoners that gave alms to the poor

Question 3

What was the vow of poverty?

Answer 3

When monks and nuns gave up all wealth and possessions when they joined a monastery

Question 4

What was the vows of Chastity

Answer 4

When monks and nuns would abstain from sex and other pleasures like alcohol

Question 5

What was the vow of obedience?

Answer 5

When monks and nuns obeyed the teachings of god a

Through the the bible and their abbot and the rules of their order

Question 6

What was the vow of stability?

Answer 6

Where monks and nuns promised to never leave the monistic community and sometimes meant not leaving the monastery it’s self

Question 7

How did the number of monks and religious houses change between 1066-1135?

Answer 7

Monks Increased from 1000 to 5000

Religious houses went from 60 to 260

Question 8

How did the number of cathedrals attached to monasteries change between 1066-1135?

Answer 8

There were 4 in 1066 but increased to 19

Question 9

What was part of the new monistic order?

Answer 9

The reforms and Cluniac brought in by the Normans

Question 10

How many Cluniac monasteries were in england by when?

Answer 10

End of the 11th century, there were 36 Cluniac monasteries

Question 11

Why was monasticism in decline?

Answer 11

Monasteries needed land to be self sufficient and depended of the local land lord for this who had a say in who became abbot and could take money form the monastery

Question 12

Why was there too much secular interference in monasteries?

Answer 12

Due to instability caused by Viking raids, poverty and over reliance on local landlords

Question 13

How were the rules of st Benedict not being strictly followed?

Answer 13

Monks wouldn’t fast, stopped being vegetarian and wore rich clothes

Question 14

Why did lanfranc want reforms?

Answer 14

Due to his monistic background

Question 15

How did lanfranc help reform monasteries?

Answer 15

Set up a clear hierarchy on monistic structure, introduced a set of constitutions

Question 16

Who and when was the first Cluniac monastery set up?

Answer 16

In 1077 in Sussex by William de Warenne

Question 17

How did Cluniac monasteries make reforms?

Answer 17

The Cluniac order reinforced The rule of Benedict more strictly

Question 18

How did the Normans impact abbots?

Answer 18

In 1075, only 13 of 21 abbots were AS and by 1086, only 3 AS abbots remained

Question 19

How did William reform monasteries?

Answer 19

Gave a lot of money to abbeys and monasteries as part of their pence for the battle of Hastings

Question 20

What kind of roles in society did monasteries play a part in?

Answer 20

Hospitals, center to of scholarship (took a scribe 18 months to write a new bible) and historians

Question 21

What type of school did children under 10 go to and why?

Answer 21

Went to a church school to produce future priests/ monks and local peasant boys got taught to work as servants in the monastery

Question 22

What type of schools did children over 10 go and why?

Answer 22

Grammar schools which were run by the church until the 14th century when they became independent and this education was not free, they could then become merchants, parish clergy

Question 23

How and what were grammar school students learning?

Answer 23

Wrote notes on stone boards for 4 years and studied Latin, music and verse, astronomy and maths and law

Question 24

What did university students do?

Answer 24

Spent 6 years learning arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar logic and meteoric order and could then study medicine, law or theology for 6 years

Question 25

What was the point in university?

Answer 25

So you could get a degree in Master of Arts

Question 26

What language was used in uni?

Answer 26

All books and lectures were in Latin

Question 27

How did Latin affect the government?

Answer 27

Became the universal language and the language of the government

Question 28

How did Latin affect record keeping?

Answer 28

• the only history written in English was one of the AS chronicles that went from 1100 -1154
• Monks has to translate the Abbey’s old English documents to Latin

Question 29

How did the Normans permanently Influence language?

Answer 29

Around 1/4 of all modern English words originate from the French language

Question 30

How were classes affected by language?

Answer 30

• Norman-french was common among higher classes, clerks and middle class townspeople
• majority of the population being peasants spoke English