The Church

Question 1

What 4 things had the pope criticised Stigand over?

Answer 1

Keeping hold of his post and income as Bishop of Winchester after becoming Bishop of Canterbury, church law said a man could only hold one Bishop ric whereas Stigand had two, supported a rival pope in Rome, carried out duties of an archbishop before being appointed

Question 2

Name 4 problems in the church

Answer 2

Simony, nepotism, pluralism, marriage

Question 3

Define simony

Answer 3

The selling of posts by bishops and archbishops instead of giving the post to the most qualified person

Question 4

Define nepotism

Answer 4

Giving church posts to friends and family to increase their influence and wealth

Question 5

Define pluralism

Answer 5

Holding more than one church post

Question 6

Why was marriage a problem in the church?

Answer 6

All priests were supposed to be single and celibate so they put their devotion to god but many priests were married

Question 7

What is a legate?

Answer 7

The popes representative in England

Question 8

Who deposed Stigand as archbishop and when?

Answer 8

Lanfranc in 1070

Question 9

What was the process of having a new head of church called?

Answer 9

Normanisation

Question 10

What 2 things did normanisation mean for the Normans?

Answer 10

Church was completely under their control, reforms were made which put English church into line with Norman church

Question 11

Give 4 facts about Lanfranc

Answer 11

60 years old, highly educated, deeply religious, determined to support William

Question 12

How did Lanfranc take control of the whole church?

Answer 12

Before 1066 archbishops of Canterbury and York had been equal but Lanfranc insisted he was superior and controlled the church throughout England

Question 13

What were synods?

Answer 13

Ten councils of bishops to discuss impose church reforms

Question 14

How did Lanfranc impose control within bishoprics?

Answer 14

Archdeacons (bishops deputy) policed parts of the bishopric to make sure priests were carrying out church services and other responsibilities

Question 15

What did Lanfranc do about marriages?

Answer 15

In 1075 he ordered no priest could be married, priests in cathedrals had to make a choice between keeping their posts or wives but village priests could keep both

Question 16

What did Lanfranc do about monasteries?

Answer 16

Increased the number of monasteries and well educated monks who should educate those who were not churchmen

Question 17

What were church courts?

Answer 17

Set up to deal with religious or moral crimes such as blasphemy or adultery or priests who broke the law

Question 18

What did rebuilding cathedrals involve?

Answer 18

Lanfranc led the way by rebuilding Canterbury cathedral and other bishops were encouraged to rebuild their own. New Norman cathedrals were larger, taller, wider with solid pillars and symbolised the power of the Norman overlords

Question 19

Who was the only bishop who was not from Normandy?

Answer 19

Wulfstan from Worcester

Question 20

Who was the new archbishop of York?

Answer 20

Thomas of Bayeux

Question 21

How many abbeys had English abbots by 1086?

Answer 21

Only 3

Question 22

Give 2 reasons for opposition to religious change

Answer 22

Monks disliked new Norman services and prayers, Norman bishops removed bones and relics of English saints from cathedrals

Question 23

What happened in Glastonbury abbey in 1083?

Answer 23

Norman abbot Thurstan insisted on Norman services and singing at church which resulted in protests from monks so he ordered knights to fire arrows at them (killed 3 and wounded 18) but Thurstan was sent back to Normandy

Question 24

Why did Lanfranc order the flogging of a monk?

Answer 24

The monk did not accept the new Norman abbot at Canterbury