Anglo Saxon Resistance

Question 1

What was cause of the rebellion of 1068?

Answer 1

Morcar seemed to have been replaced as Earl of Northumbria and Edwin had been promised he could marry Williams daughter but he went back on it

Question 2

What did the rebellion of 1068 involve?

Answer 2

English leaders fled Williams court and Edwin and Morcar gathered allies against William, including welsh princes

Question 3

How did William respond to the rebellion of 1068?

Answer 3

Led an army northwards, building castles as he went (the first in Warwick and Nottingham then another in York)m they destroyed houses and crops as punishment and Edwin and Morcar quickly surrendered

Question 4

Give 4 points about the weakness of the opposition which caused the rebellion of 1068 to fail

Answer 4

Uncoordinated, lacked support, weak leadership, surrendered without fighting

Question 5

Give 4 points about Williams skill and leadership which caused the 1068 rebellion to fail

Answer 5

He marched north with a strong army, allowed troops to start harrying (burning crops), built castles as he went, there was a threat of William moving north and gaining support of cities

Question 6

What was the cause of the 1069 rebellion?

Answer 6

Edgar the Aethling resented Norman take over and persuaded Scottish King Malcolm and a danish king Swein to support his claim to the thone

Question 7

In the 1069 rebellion, how did Earl of Northumbria Robert Cumin die?

Answer 7

In January William sent a new army to take control of north but their leader Cumin was burned to death in the streets by rebels in Durham

Question 8

What 2 things did Robert Cumin’s death cause?

Answer 8

Similar uprising in York where the Norman governor and troops were killed, Edgar travelled down from Scotland to launch an attack against William

Question 9

How did William respond to the 1069 rebellions? 5 things

Answer 9

Harrying of the North: killed innocent and guilty people, destroyed crops, burned homes, killed farm animals, starved people (100,000 people perished of hunger)

Question 10

What were Williams 5 reasons for starting the Harrying of the North?

Answer 10

Vengeance for deaths of Norman supporters, anger at failure of English leaders to accept him as king, frustration at constant rebellions, fear due to widespread nature of rebellions and danish support for them, punishment of the rebels so they wouldn’t rebel again

Question 11

What did William do after the Harrying of the North?

Answer 11

Built a castle in York as a sign of his power the returned to the South

Question 12

What 3 things happened after William returned south in the summer of 1069?

Answer 12

Large danish fleet raided the coast of Kent, rebellion broke out in Yorkshire due to support from the Danes, Edgar’s army seized control of York and its castles

Question 13

How did William end the rebellions of 1069?

Answer 13

For the third time in a year he marched north to York, Edgar fled and the danes stayed on their ships

Question 14

What did the Danes do in the spring of 1070 and how did William respond?

Answer 14

Danish King Sweyn sent a large army to conquer England, William paid them to leave and they did

Question 15

Give 3 reasons why weakness of opposition caused the 1069 rebellions to fail

Answer 15

Edgar fled to Scotland which showed he was no alternative English king, Vikings didn’t set foot off ships when William arrived, showed they had their own motivations and plans (not to conquer England)

Question 16

Give 5 reasons why Williams leadership and actions caused the 1069 rebellions to fail

Answer 16

HARRYING OF NORTH, acted with great speed and savagery, built new castle in York, took large army to York, slaughtered innocent and guilty

Question 17

Who was hereward and why was he resistant to Normans? 4 reasons

Answer 17

Possibly a thegn in area around Peterborough and Ely who’s abbot has been replaced, lost land and status, disputed with Norman barons, his brothers head had been hung up

Question 18

Name 5 threats William faced by Hereward the Wake

Answer 18

Hereward and his allies held the isle of Ely for over a year, easy for Danes to sail up local rivers and coast, island surrounded by marshland and water defence, in 1071 Morcar joined the rebel’s at Ely, easy to travel by sea to Ely

Question 19

How did William respond to Hereward?

Answer 19

Ordered his men to build a causeway out of wood, stones, trees to cross marshland but the bridge collapsed under the heavy chain mail the men wore and horses sank into marshland

Question 20

What did William do in his second attempt to defeat Hereward?

Answer 20

Second bridge built by tying boats together and covering them with wood planks, Williams cavalry crossed successfully

Question 21

Give 2 points about the weakness of opposition which caused the failure of 1070-71 rebellions

Answer 21

William offered King Swein money if they’d go home so they sailed home with money and treasures from Peterborough abbey, showed they had other motivations (didn’t want to conquer England)

Question 22

Give 4 points about Williams leadership and actions which caused the rebellions of 1070-71 to fail

Answer 22

Imprisoned Morcar for life, chopped rebels hand and feet off, cut rebels eyes out, warned anyone planning a rebellion

Question 23

Why did Earls Ralph, Roger and Waltheof feel they had enough power to rebel in 1075?

Answer 23

Between the 3 of them their lands stretched West to East from the far North to Midlands, waltheof has strong contacts with the Sweins, timed revolt for when William was in Normandy, waltheof was last surviving major Anglo Saxon earl so had Anglo Saxon support

Question 24

How did Archbishop Lanfranc find out about the 1075 rebellion and what did he do?

Answer 24

Waltheof informed him. Lanfranc sent men to find out what was happening in the earldoms of Hereford and East Anglia, they reported rebels strengthening defences and building troops so Lanfranc wrote to roger trying to convince him not to take this drastic step considering how loyal his father had been to William

Question 25

What religious action did Lanfranc use to respond to the 1075 rebellion?

Answer 25

Excommunication (cutting off someone from the church community so they were unable to confess their sins before they died), aimed to convince a person to act properly so they could rejoin the church

Question 26

How were preparations made to counter the 1075 revolt?

Answer 26

In the West Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester and the abbot of Evesham used their troops to prevent Roger crossing the Severn river, in the East Anglo Saxons joined together to stop Ralph breaking out his earldom in East Anglia

Question 27

How did the 1075 rebellion receive a lack of support from the Danes?

Answer 27

200 danish ships arrived at the same point as William so they didn’t invade and instead raised up the east coast and sacked York cathedral before going home

Question 28

Who was Ralph de Gael?

Answer 28

Earl of East Anglia

Question 29

Who was Roger de Breteuil?

Answer 29

Earl of Hereford

Question 30

Who was Waltheof?

Answer 30

In 1065 he was Earl if Northamptonshire and allowed to stay earl when he submitted to William. In 1069 he was part of rebellions but submitted again and was pardoned. Became earl of Northumbria in 1072

Question 31

What were the five causes of the rebellion?

Answer 31

Roger had lost land and had less land than his father, loss of privileges, sheriffs introduced so earls lost power and no longer controlled everything, William’s absence because he was in Normandy 80% of the time, waltheof had powerful allies in Denmark, Anglo Saxon rebellions in general

Question 32

What was the outcome of the 1075 rebellion? 3 points

Answer 32

Ralph escapes to Brittany, Waltheof fled abroad but was tricked into thinking he like be forgiven by returning them was arrested and later executed in 1076, roger imprisoned for life

Question 33

Who was Ralph de Gaels father?

Answer 33

An Anglo Saxon who served Edward the confessor and had been rewarded lands in east Anglia by William

Question 34

Who was Roger de Breteuils father?

Answer 34

William FitzOsbern who had been Lord of Breteuil in Normandy and Earl of Hereford in 1066

Question 35

Who was Waltheofs father?

Answer 35

Earl Siward

Question 36

Who was Ralph married to?

Answer 36

Roger de Breteuils sister