Establishing Control

Question 1

What six barriers faced William in terms of controlling England?

Answer 1

Religion, controlling out lying areas, language barrier, nobles may not be loyal to him, could be viewed as an invader, potential revolt

Question 2

How could William solve the issue of controlling out lying areas?

Answer 2

Station troops in these areas

Question 3

What happened in the submission of the Earls?

Answer 3

William took a route through smaller towns which circled London to avoid Archbishop Stigand, Edwin, Morcar and Edgar the Aethling. The normans attacked and destroyed each town which caused widespread fear of the Normans and the above people to leave London and submit to him as king

Question 4

How long did motte and Bailey castles take to build?

Answer 4

4-9 months

Question 6

Why were castles first made out of wood?

Answer 6

Quicker to build them out of wood then replace with stone once the area had been successfully conquered

Question 7

What was a palisade?

Answer 7

Strong fence made of solid timbers, driven deep into the ground, strong and quick to build, sometimes a double fence with earth in between

Question 8

What was the keep?

Answer 8

Strong wooden tower providing a lookout point, elevated attacking point for archers to protect the whole castle area and a final point of defence from attack

Question 9

How do you access the keep?

Answer 9

Up steep steps cut into the motte or a bridge

Question 10

How was the palisade protected?

Answer 10

A ditch was cut surrounding the Bailey and motte and was filled with water

Question 11

What was the Bailey?

Answer 11

Enclosure below the motte where soldiers lived which was protected by the palisade and outer defences, people took shelter here during an attack

Question 12

How did the drawbridge work?

Answer 12

Access was controlled through the gatehouse and the drawbridge over the ditch could be pulled up to defend the gatehouse from attack

Question 13

What were five physical impacts of castles?

Answer 13

Alters the landscape, takes up more space, protected Norman lord and soldiers, destroyed surrounding towns and villages, provided work for local people

Question 14

What were four psychological impacts of castles?

Answer 14

Intimidated people, reminded people who was in charge, showed that the normans were here to stay, deterred people from attacking the Norman lord

Question 15

Which six ways in which did William reward his followers?

Answer 15

Allowed Edwin and Morcar to keep titles and land, kept King Edwards laws, kept stigand archbishop, allowed noblemen to buy back land, gave Norman followers lands of English men who died at Hastings, gave large portion of Harold Godwinson land to William fitzosbern

Question 16

How did Wales cause problems for English kings?

Answer 16

Harold Godwinson had helped Edward remove King Llewellyn of Wales in the 1060s, welsh princes carried out out raids during Williams raid

Question 17

What was the area between England and Wales known as?

Answer 17

The marches

Question 18

How did William solve the disorder in the marches?

Answer 18

Created three new earldoms and put three men he trusted in charge of them - William FitzOsbern became Earl of Hereford, Roger Montgomery became Earl of Shrewsbury and Hugh d’Avranches Earl of Chester

Question 19

What were two consequences of the Marcher earldoms?

Answer 19

Brought peace to land, extended their influence into Wales which gave William more security in this region

Question 20

What were the two reasons Earldoms had small and compact shires?

Answer 20

Easier to control, ensured they weren’t as powerful as the King

Question 21

What three settlements did the Marcher Earldoms give the right to create?

Answer 21

Boroughs (towns), markets, churches to replace Anglo Saxons

Question 22

What two effects did the special privileges have?

Answer 22

Helped William attract people from Normandy to come settle in the region, earls would be loyal to William

Question 23

How did law work in the marcher earldoms?

Answer 23

Sheriffs worked for the Earls who had complete power over the legal system and became central figures of law

Question 24

What was the effect of earls being exempt from tax?

Answer 24

This encouraged earls to spend on new settlements and defences to keep them well defended

Question 25

What else did Earls have the right to do in the earldoms?

Answer 25

They were free to build castles wherever they needed whereas in the rest of England landowners had to apply to the king

Question 26

What was the motte?

Answer 26

Large mound of earth 5-7metres high which was fireproof. Quick to build due to peasant labour