The chest wall and posterior triangle of the neck week 2 Flashcards
The pectoral region is external to the anterior thoracic wall and consists of superficial and deep compartments. What are the components of the superficial and deep compartments?
superficial compartment: skin, fascia, breasts
deep compartment: muscles and associated structures
Lymphatic and venous drainage passes from _____ and ____ parts of the breast into the axilla.
lateral and superior
The branches of what arteries supply blood to the breast?
branches of axillary, internal thoracic, and intercostal arteries
What triangle does the cephalic vein emerge from (has 2 names)?
deltopectoral/clavipecotoral triangle
What are the names of the 2 “heads”/portions of the pectoralis major?
clavicular head (attaches to clavicle)
sternocostal head (attaches to sternum)
What are the names of the muscles in this picture?
What are the names of the fascias surrounding the pectoralis major and minor?
pectoralis major: pectoral fascia
pectoralis minor: clavicpectoral fascia
Identify the nerves and artery in this picture. What do they supply/innervate?
lateral pectoral nerve: innervates sternocostal portion of pectoralis major
medial pectoral nerve: passes through pectoralis minor into pectoralis major
(pectoral nerves are named for their branches in the brachial plexus)
thoracoacromial artery (pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular branches). can track pectoral arteries back to it
The posterior triangle of the neck lies over the _____ inlet and is associated with nerves and vessels that pass to and from the upper extremities into and from the neck.
axillary
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
anterior border: SCM (sternocleidomastoid)
posterior border: trapezius
base: middle 1/3 of the clavicle
apex: occipital bone at point where attachments of SCM and trapezius meet
roof: investing layer of cervical fascia that surrounds the SCM and trapezius
floor: cervical fascia, splenius capitus muscles, levator scapluae muscle, scalene muscles
What are subdivisions of the posterior triangle? What muscle allows for these subdivisions?
occipital triangle
subclavian triangle
omohyoid muscle
The _____ _____ vein crosses the SCM and enters the posterior triangle. It pierces the investing layer of cervical fascia and ends as a tributary to the ____ vein.
- external jugular vein
- subclavian vein
Name 3 veins in the posterior triangle that are tributaries to the external jugular vein.
- transverse cervical vein
- suprascapular vein
- anterior jugular vein
What 3 arteries can be found in the posterior triangle? Where do they originate?
transverse cervical artery suprascapular artery originate in the thyrocervical trunk. the third part of the subclavian artery may also be found in this region.
transverse cervical artery: originates from the thyrocervical trunk. This artery runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene, in a position just superior to the clavicle. It then crosses or passes through the trunks of the brachial plexus and then passes deep to the trapezius. It may divide into superficial and deep branches with the superficial branch running on the deep (anterior) surface of the trapezius with the accessory nerve and the deep branch (a.k.a. dorsal scapular artery) passing deep (anterior) to the rhomboid musculature.
suprascapular artery: is also a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. It initially follows a course parallel but inferior to the transverse cervical artery, but will then pass posterior to the clavicle and enter the posterior scapular region (passes over superior transverse scapular ligament. suprascapular nerve passes under this ligament)
third part of the subclavian artery: begins at the lateral border of the anterior scalene and will give off branches that supply the upper limb. may be difficult to locate in the posterior triangle because it lies posterior and just superior to the subclavian vein
(Dorsal/ventral) rami innervate muscles in the posterior portion of the neck. (Dorsal/ventral) rami innervate muscles in the posterior triangle of the neck.
dorsal rami innervate muscles in the posterior portion of the neck (rectus capitus major and minor, obliquus capitus posterior and superior)
ventral rami innervate muscles in the posterior triangle of the neck (SCM, scalene muscles)