The Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

amount of matter in an object

Answer 2

mass

Question 3

gravitational force acting on an object

Answer 3

weight

Question 4

international unit for mass

Answer 4

kilogram (kg)

Question 5

simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties

Answer 5

element

Question 6

smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

Answer 6

atom

Question 7

no electric charge

Answer 7

neutron

Question 8

one positive charge

Answer 8

proton

Question 9

one negative charge

Answer 9

electron

Question 10

where are protons and neutrons found

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom called

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

electrons are found in …

Answer 12

electron cloud

Question 13

number of protons in each atom

Answer 13

atomic number

Question 14

two or more forms of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of electron

Answer 14

isotopes

Question 15

sharing or transferring their outermost electrons forms ….

Answer 15

chemical bonds

Question 16

energy levels are often drawn as concentric rings called

Answer 16

electron shells

Question 17

outermost shell

Answer 17

valence shell

Question 18

combining with other atoms until each has 8 electrons

Answer 18

octet rule

Question 19

atoms achieve octet in one of two ways:

Answer 19

1. transferring electrons between atoms
2. sharing electrons between atoms

Question 20

ability of the atom’s nucleus to pull electrons toward it

Answer 20

electronegativity

Question 21

a charged particle

Answer 21

ion

Question 22

forms when electrons transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charged ions

Answer 22

ionic

Question 23

forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 23

covalent bond

Question 24

Forms when two hydrogen atoms are held together by a nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 24

nonpolar molecule

Question 25

forms when electrons are shared equally between the nuclei

Answer 25

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 26

forms when atoms involved in a covalent bond have different electronegativities

Answer 26

polar covalent bonds

Question 27

polar covalent bonds can result in .... which are electrically asymmetric

Answer 27

polar molecules

Question 28

substance resulting from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

Answer 28

compound

Question 29

weak charge attractions that exist between separate molecules, or between ions and molecules

Answer 29

intermolecular forces

Question 30

forms when positively charged hydrogen is attracted to the negatively charged O, N or F of another molecule

Answer 30

hydrogen bond

Question 31

complete transfer of electrons between two atoms results in separate positively charged and negatively charged ions

Answer 31

ionic bond

Question 32

example of ionic bond

Answer 32

NaCl, sodium chloride

Question 33

unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms......

Answer 33

polar covalent bond

Question 34

equal sharing of electrons between two atoms

Answer 34

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 35

attraction of oppositely charge ends of one polar molecule to another polar molecule holds molecules or parts of molecules together

Answer 35

hydrogen bond

Question 36

dissociated ions are called

Answer 36

electrolytes

Question 37

when ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions ...., or separate from each other

Answer 37

dissociate

Question 38

formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds

Answer 38

chemical reactions

Question 39

substance that enter into a chemical reaction is called

Answer 39

reactants

Question 40

substance that result from the chemical reaction

Answer 40

products

Question 41

when two or more reactants combine to form a larger, more complex product

Answer 41

synthesis reaction

Question 42

synthesis reaction is represented symbolically as

Answer 42

A+B ----> AB

Question 43

synthesis reactions that occur in the body

Answer 43

anabolism

Question 44

synthesis reactions in which water is also a product

Answer 44

dehydration reactions

Question 45

reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products

Answer 45

decomposition reaction

Question 46

decomposition reaction is represented as

Answer 46

AB ----> A+B

Question 47

decomposition reactions that occur in our body

Answer 47

catabolism

Question 48

reactions that use water in breaking down food

Answer 48

hydrolysis reactions

Question 49

all of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body are collectively defined as

Answer 49

metabolism

Question 50

combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction

Answer 50

exchange reaction

Question 51

exchange reaction is symbolically represented as

Answer 51

AB + CD ----> AC + BD

Question 52

reaction can run in the opposite direction, so that the product are converted back to the original reactants

Answer 52

reversible reaction

Question 53

when product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation

Answer 53

equilibrium