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Anaphy > The Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

The Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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2
Q

amount of matter in an object

A

mass

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3
Q

gravitational force acting on an object

A

weight

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4
Q

international unit for mass

A

kilogram (kg)

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5
Q

simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties

A

element

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6
Q

smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

A

atom

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7
Q

no electric charge

A

neutron

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8
Q

one positive charge

A

proton

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9
Q

one negative charge

A

electron

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10
Q

where are protons and neutrons found

A

nucleus

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11
Q

protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom called

A

nucleus

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12
Q

electrons are found in …

A

electron cloud

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13
Q

number of protons in each atom

A

atomic number

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14
Q

two or more forms of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of electron

A

isotopes

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15
Q

sharing or transferring their outermost electrons forms ….

A

chemical bonds

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16
Q

energy levels are often drawn as concentric rings called

A

electron shells

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17
Q

outermost shell

A

valence shell

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18
Q

combining with other atoms until each has 8 electrons

A

octet rule

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19
Q

atoms achieve octet in one of two ways:

A
  1. transferring electrons between atoms
  2. sharing electrons between atoms
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20
Q

ability of the atom’s nucleus to pull electrons toward it

A

electronegativity

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21
Q

a charged particle

A

ion

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22
Q

forms when electrons transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charged ions

A

ionic

23
Q

forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

A

covalent bond

24
Q

Forms when two hydrogen atoms are held together by a nonpolar covalent bond

A

nonpolar molecule

25
Q

forms when electrons are shared equally between the nuclei

A

nonpolar covalent bond

26
Q

forms when atoms involved in a covalent bond have different electronegativities

A

polar covalent bonds

27
Q

polar covalent bonds can result in …. which are electrically asymmetric

A

polar molecules

28
Q

substance resulting from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

A

compound

29
Q

weak charge attractions that exist between separate molecules, or between ions and molecules

A

intermolecular forces

30
Q

forms when positively charged hydrogen is attracted to the negatively charged O, N or F of another molecule

A

hydrogen bond

31
Q

complete transfer of electrons between two atoms results in separate positively charged and negatively charged ions

A

ionic bond

32
Q

example of ionic bond

A

NaCl, sodium chloride

33
Q

unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms……

A

polar covalent bond

34
Q

equal sharing of electrons between two atoms

A

nonpolar covalent bond

35
Q

attraction of oppositely charge ends of one polar molecule to another polar molecule holds molecules or parts of molecules together

A

hydrogen bond

36
Q

dissociated ions are called

A

electrolytes

37
Q

when ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions …., or separate from each other

A

dissociate

38
Q

formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds

A

chemical reactions

39
Q

substance that enter into a chemical reaction is called

A

reactants

40
Q

substance that result from the chemical reaction

A

products

41
Q

when two or more reactants combine to form a larger, more complex product

A

synthesis reaction

42
Q

synthesis reaction is represented symbolically as

A

A+B —-> AB

43
Q

synthesis reactions that occur in the body

A

anabolism

44
Q

synthesis reactions in which water is also a product

A

dehydration reactions

45
Q

reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products

A

decomposition reaction

46
Q

decomposition reaction is represented as

A

AB —-> A+B

47
Q

decomposition reactions that occur in our body

A

catabolism

48
Q

reactions that use water in breaking down food

A

hydrolysis reactions

49
Q

all of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body are collectively defined as

A

metabolism

50
Q

combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction

A

exchange reaction

51
Q

exchange reaction is symbolically represented as

A

AB + CD —-> AC + BD

52
Q

reaction can run in the opposite direction, so that the product are converted back to the original reactants

A

reversible reaction

53
Q

when product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation

A

equilibrium

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