Integumentary System Flashcards
Consists of the skin and accessory
structures, such as hair, glands, and nails.
Integumentary system
Functions of integumentary system
- Protection
- Sensation
- Temperature regulation
- Vitamin D production
- Excretion
It is the superficial layer of the skin, consisting of stratified
squamous epithelial tissue
Epidermis
The epidermis rests on the …..
Dermis
A layer of loose connective tissue
Subcutaneous tissue
What type of epithelium is the epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium
Most
cells of the epidermis are called
Keratinocytes
Keratinocytes produce protein mixture called
Keratin
Divides the epidermis into layers
Strata
The five strata (bottom to top)
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum
The deepest portion of the epidermis is a single layer of cuboidal or
columnar cells
stratum basale
Superficial to the stratum basale. Has a flattened appearance and accumulates lipid-filled vesicles called lamellar bodies
stratum spinosum
Other term for stratum basale
stratum germinativum
consists of two to five
layers of somewhat flattened, diamond-shaped cells
stratum granulosum
Stratum granulosum derives its name from the presence of protein granules of …
keratuhyalin
a thin, clear zone above the
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
has all five strata and is found in areas subjected to pressure or friction
thick skin
lacks the stratum lucidum
thin skin
The last, and most superficial, stratum of the epidermis. Consists of dead squamous cell filled with keratin
stratum corneum
skin subjected to friction or pressure
callus
skin over bony prominences develop a cone-shaped structure
corn
responsible for the strength of the dermis
keratin and elastic fibers
this is produced due to fibers being orientated in some direction that in others
cleavage lines or tension lines
If the skin is overstretched, it leaves lines that are visible through the epidermis
stretch mark
the upper part of the dermis has a projection called
dermal papillae
curving ridges that shape the overlying epidermis into patterns
friction ridges
delivers material to the blood slowly
intradermal injection
example of intradermal injection
tuberculin skin test
achieved by pinching the skin and inserting a short needle
subcutaneous inejction
example of subcutaneous injection
insulin injection
delivers material to the blood faster and is accomplished y inserting a long needle at a 90-degree angle
intramuscular injection
example of intramuscular injection
vaccines and certain antibiotics
group of pigments responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
melanin
melanin is produced by
melanocytes
affects cells in the
stratum basale.
basale cell carcinoma
melanin is packaged into vesicle called
melanosomes
affects cells in the stratum
spinosum and can appear as a wartlike growth
squamous cell carcinoma
rare form of skin cancer that arises
from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole
malignant melanoma
a recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin
albinism
decrease in the blood O2 content produces a bluish color of the skin
cyanosis
a yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots and are lipid-soluble
carotene
attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies it with blood vessels and nerves
subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
other term for subcutaneous tissue
hypodermis
found everywhere on the skin except the
palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of the external genitalia,
and the distal segments of the fingers and toes.
Hair
invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the epidermis
hair follicle
protrudes above the surface of the skin
shaft
located below the surface
root
the base of the root is expanded to form the …
hair bulb
surrounds the medulla and forms the bulk of the hair
cortex
The cortex is covered by
cuticle
the cortex surrounds a softer center
medulla
an extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb
hair papilla
Associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells called
arrector pili
located in the dermis, are simple
or compound alveolar glands that produce sebum
sebaceous glands
an oily, white substance rich in lipids
sebum
They are simple, coiled, tubular
glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion
eccrine sweat glands
simple, coiled, tubular
glands that produce a thick secretion rich in organic substance
apocrine sweat glands
a thin plate consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum
cells that contain a very hard type of keratin
nail
covered by skin
nail root
the visible portion
of the nail.
nail body
stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body
cuticle or eponychium
other term for cuticle
eponychium
The nail root extends distally from the
nail matrix
distal to the nail matrix
nail bed
seen through the nail body as a whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail
lunula
it is an injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation.
burn
this type or burn, stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area
partial-thickness burns
two types of partial-thickness burns
first and second degree burns
involve only the epidermis and may result in redness, pain, and slight edema (swelling)
first degree burns
damage the epidermis and dermis.
Minimal dermal damage causes redness, pain, edema, and blisters.
Healing takes approximately 2 weeks, and no scarring results
second degree burns
The epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed, and deeper
tissue may be involved.
full-thickness burns or third degree burns
extremely severe burns that affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue
fourth degree burns
