The Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
What are the main general surface features of the brain?
- Sulcus (dip)
- Gyrus (Elevation)
- Fissure (larger dip)
What are the basal ganglia of the brain?
One collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter
(lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, putamen)
What are the cavities in each cerebral hemisphere?
Lateral ventricles
Where is the median longitudinal fissure?
Between the two cerebral hemispheres, separates them for the most part
What structure allows communication between the hemispheres of the brain? What is it composed of?
The corpus callosum
- Commissural fibres
(anterior commissure, posterior commissure and fornix)
What are the different lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insular Lobe
What sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain?
Lateral sulcus
Sylvian Fissure
What sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain? Where is it located?
Central sulcus
- Runs from the lateral sulcus to the median longitudinal fissure (lot of anatomical variation)
What structures are immediately anterior and posterior to the central sulcus?
- Precentral gyrus (anterior): motor
- Postcentral gyrus (posterior): sensory
On the medial surface of the brain, what sulcus and gyrus are present?
Which lobes does this sulcus separate?
- Cingulate sulcus and gyrus
- Cingulate sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the cingulate gyrus, which is a part of the limbic system
What sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
What surface of the brain is this sulcus easily seen on?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
- Seen on the medial surface of the brain, not visible from lateral view of the brain
What is the name of the structure that curls inwards at the distal end of the temporal lobe?
Hippocampus
How can most of the lobes be further separated?
Into superior, middle and inferior lobules/gyri
Frontal: superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri
Temporal: superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri
parietal: Superior and inferior parietal lobule
Where is the insula of the brain?
Deep within the lateral sulcus of the brain
Where are the transverse temporal gyri (Heschl’s convolutions) of the brain?
Within the lateral sulcus of the brain (inferior)
- Occupy Brodmann’s area 41 & 42
- Primary auditory complex
What are the divisions of Brodmann’s areas based on?
Histological differences between different parts of the brain
(form often relates to function - seems to largely be the case here)
Broadly, what are the anterior, medial and posterior aspects of the cerebral hemispheres responsible for?
Anterior - Motor function, intellect
Medial - memory and information retrieval
Posterior - Sensory function
Are both hemispheres equal in different tasks?
No
There is a dominant hemisphere for every person that is usually the first to tackle problems
What are primary sensory areas closely linked with?
Function of each?
Adjacent association areas
Primary sensory relays information from peripheries and association areas compare and interpret it (eg. selecting a particular coin out of your pocket)
What is Brodmann area 4 of the brain called? What is it responsible for?
- Precentral gyrus
- Primary motor cortex, somatotopic representation of contralateral half of the body
What does somatotopic representation mean?
Point for point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the CNS
What are Brodmann’s areas 6 & 8 responsible for?
Planning complex movements
What are Brodmann’s areas 44 & 45 called?
Broca’s area of motor speech
- Speech production
Where is the prefrontal cortex?
Functions?
- Anterior part of the brain
- Cognitive functions, intellect, judgement, prediction, planning
