The Central Nervous System Flashcards
What is an example of a benzodiazepine?
- Alprozolam
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Diazepam
- Flurazepam
How do benzodiazepines work as an anxiolytics/anti hypnotic drug?
It acts on the limbic system to enhance the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It also acts on post-synaptic cells to make them less excitable in the areas of the brain associated with anxiety and sleep.
How do barbiturates work as an anxiolytic/Hypnotic agent?
It is a CNS depressant that inhibits neuronal impulses conduction and depresses the cerebral cortex, alters cerebellar function and depresses motor output.
What is an example of a barbiturate?
- Thiopental
What are examples of non-barbiturates?
- Propofol
- Ketamine
What are the 3 types of Antidepressants?
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
How do Tricyclic antidepressants work?
They reduce the re-uptake of Monoamine neurotransmitters and noradrenaline in pre-synaptic neurones.
What are examples of Tricyclic antidepressants?
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Trimipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Clomipramine
How do Monoamine oxidase inhibitors work?
They irreversibly inhibit MAO (enzyme in tissues) that breaks down noradrenaline and dopamine.
What are examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
- Phenekine
- Tranylaypromine
How do selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors work?
They block the re-uptake of 5-HT which no effect in noradrenaline and increase the levels if 5-HT to the synaptic cleft.
What are examples of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?
- Fluoxetine
- Fluvoxamine
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
- Citalopram
What are the 2 types of neuromuscular junction blocking agents?
- Non-depolarising Blockers (antagonist)
- Depolarising Blockers (agonist)
How do non-depolarising neuromuscular junction blocking agents work?
They occupy the neuromuscular cholinergic receptor site preventing ACh from reacting. They do not activate muscle cells or cause contraction. These are used to induce paralysis during surgery.
How do depolarising neuromuscular junction blocking drugs work?
They attach to the ACh receptor site and depolarise cells to cause stimulation and contraction. After this, the cells can’t re-polarisation and once relaxed, can’t contract again. These are used for paralysis during surgery.
