Kidneys

Question 0

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 0

They block the chloride pumps in the ascending loop of henle. This decreases sodium and chloride reabsorption and causes an increase in urine output.

Question 1

How do thiazide-like diuretics work?

Answer 1

They aim to reduce sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. They block the chloride pump to block the reabsorption of chloride and sodium which is then excreted in urine. There is no increase in urine but a higher concentration of sodium.

Question 2

How do potassium-sparing diuretics work?

Answer 2

They antagonise aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubule. This stops the reabsorption of sodium and water whilst retaining potassium levels. There is an increased excretion of sodium, chloride and water.

Question 3

How do anti-diuretics work?

Answer 3

These are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland. They regulate extra cellular fluid volume by affecting renal handling of water. ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) secretion is stimulated by angiotensin II, linking it to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ADH stimulates water reabsorption at the kidneys. These also cause vasoconstriction.

Question 4

What are examples of thiazide-like diuretics?

Answer 4

• Bendroflumethiazide

Question 5

What are examples of loop diuretics?

Answer 5

• Furosemide

- Bumetanide

Question 6

What are examples of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 6

• Spironolactane

- Amiloride

Question 7

What are examples of anti-diuretics?

Answer 7

• Vasopressin

- Desmopressin