Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
How do antiemetic agents work?
They reduce the responsiveness of nerve cells in CTZ area to the circulating chemicals that induce vomiting.
How do antacids work?
They are chemicals that contain inorganic aluminium or magnesium that are alkaline to neutralise stomach acid.
How do histamine receptor antagonists work?
They block histamine receptors to reduce the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This helps reduce peptic ulcers, heartburn, acid reflux and nausea/vomiting.
How do proton-pump inhibitors work?
They suppress acid secretion by inhibiting the hydro-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system on the membrane of the parietal cells.
How do anti-motility drugs work?
They block the stimulation of the GI tract for relief from diarrhoea. They act on the opiate receptors in the gut and have a direct effect on muscle layers of the GI tract to slow peristalsis and allow increased time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes.
What are examples of antacids?
- Magnesium Salts
- Aluminium Salts
- Sodium Salts
- Calcium Carbonate
- Simeticone
- Aliginates
What are examples of antiemetic drugs?
- Doperidone
What are examples of histamine receptor antagonists?
- Ranitide
- Hyoscine
What are examples of proton-pump inhibitors?
- Omezaprole
What are examples of anti-peptic agents?
- Sulcrafate
- Misoprotalol
How do anti-peptic ages work?
They prevent further damage to ulcers by forming a viscous paste around it.
What are examples of anti-motility drugs?
- Loperamide
What are examples of laxatives?
Bulk - Lactulose, Ispaghula Husk, Magnesium Citrate
Chemical - Bisacodyl, Senna
