Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology Week 1 Cards > the Cells of Immunity > Flashcards

the Cells of Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Range of white blood cells in body

A

4500, 11000 (7400)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Range of neutrophils

A

1800-7700 (4400)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Range of Eosinophils

A

0-450 (200)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Basophils

A

0-200 (40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monocytes

A

0-800 (300)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymphocytes

A

1000-4800 (2500)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phagocytes: Primary functions

A

ingest, destroy microbes, and “scavenge”

scavenger effect = phagocytic removal of dead matter and debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cells are considered phagocytes?

A

neutrophils and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Steps in functional response to phagocytes:

A

recruitment of the cells to the sites of infection

Recognition of and activation by microbes

ingestion via phagocytosis

destruction of ingested microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Activated phagocytes secrete what? and why?

A

cytokines, promote immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neutrophils in Normal blood smear

A

also called polynuclear leukocytes because of nucleus is segmented into 3-5 connected bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diameter of a neutrophil

A

12-15 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

time wise, what part of the inflammatory process does the neutrophil mediate?

A

the earliest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neutrophils are produced in the

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F Neutrophils arise from the same precursors that give rise to mononuclear phagocytes

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an adult produces more than

A

1 x 10^11 neutrophils a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long do neutrophils circulate in the blood?

A

from a few hours to days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After entering tissues specifically, how long do neutrophils live?

A

1-2 days and then die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Production of neutrophils is stimulated by

A

a cytokine called granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

20
Q

Neutrophil _____ _____ stain with ______ dyes

A

specific granules, neutral

21
Q

Eosinophils stain with ____ dyes

A

eosin

22
Q

Basophils stain with ___ dyes

A

basic

23
Q

Neutrophils respond to microbes of different sizes. How? What happens?

A
  1. Neutrophils bind/internalize yeast cells
  2. sequester them in phagosomes
  3. fuse with azurophilic granules which release ROS and enzymes such neutrophil elastase into phag., contributing to their death
  4. molecules as large as the hyphae (unicellular yeast) however cant be engulfed, so azurophilic granules are free to deliver their contents instead into the nucleus, which triggers chromatin decondensation and the release of NETs,
  5. NETs contribute to immobalization and killing of extracellular organisms, but at the cost of tissue damage.
24
Q

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)

A

DNA and histones, decorated by proteins from primary granules and secondary granules

mitochondria can also serve as a source of DNA for NET

25
Q

Formation of NETs

A

rapid, active process (occurs in 3 minutes)

possibly mediated by a cell death-dependent process referred to as NETosis

26
Q

NETosis process (2 events)

A

chromatin condensation, nuclear membrane disintegration

27
Q

4 medical conditions associated with NETosis

A

bacterial clearance, thrombosis, sepsis, SLE

28
Q

Mast cells, Basophils, Eosinophils

A

Leukocytes

Play role in innate AND adaptive immune responses

protect against helminths and reactions that cause allergic diseases

29
Q

Mast, basophils, Eosinophils are active in innate AND adaptive immunity T/F

A

T

30
Q

Common trait between Mast cells, basophils and Eosinophils

A

Share the common feature of having cytoplasmic granules filled with various inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

31
Q

what are in those granules the granulocytes all have?

A

inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

32
Q

Mast cells and staining

A

Mast cells contain histamine and other mediators, and stain purple with Giemsa

33
Q

Basophils and staining

A

basophils stain blue with Giemsa

34
Q

Eosinophils and staining

A

Eosinophils contain basic proteins and stain red with acidic dye and eosin

35
Q

RED/BLUE/PURPLE indicates what cells dyed?

A 
Purple = Mast cells (with Giemsa)
Blue = Basophils (with Giemsa)
Red = Eosinophils (with acidic dyes and Eosin)
36
Q

Strategic Location of Mast Cells

A

Common at sites in the body that are EXPOSED TO THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT such as the skin

found near blood vessels, where they can regulate vascular permeability and effector-cell recruitment

mast cells can modulate the behavior of neighborhood cell populations

37
Q

Neutrophils: Specific Granule

A

Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Secretory phospholipase A2

38
Q

Neutrophil: Azurophil granule

A 
Elastase 
Lysozyme 
Myeloperoxidase 
Cathespin 
Acid hydrolases
39
Q

Granules in a Neutrophil include

A

Specific granules, azurophilic granules, tertiary granules

40
Q

Mononuclear Phagocyte System includes…

A

circulating monocytes and resident tissue macrophages

41
Q

Mononuclear Phagocyte System

A

macrophages play role in both innate and adaptive immunity

42
Q

“Long lived macrophages” do what?

A

take up residence in specific tissues, and assume specialize phenotypes depending on the organ

43
Q

Cells of the macrophage lineage arise from…

A

committed precursors in the bone marrow, driven by monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)

44
Q

Mature monocytes…

A

enter blood circulation, and then migrate into tissues, where they further mature into macrophages, especially during inflammation

45
Q

Origin and maturation of mononuclear phagocytes

A

fetus, yolk

take up residence in specific tissues, and assume specialize phenotypes depending on the organ

Immunology Week 1 Cards (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions