The Cell Organelles Part 3

Question 1

Which cytoplasmic organelles are membranous?

Answer 1

Mitochondria, Smooth&Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles

Question 2

Which cytoplasmic organelles are non-membranous?

Answer 2

Ribosomes, Centrioles, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, Microvilli, Inclusions

Question 3

Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

Has roles in cell movement, support and strength for the cell, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adherence, and changes in cell shape

Question 4

What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

Answer 4

The cytoskeleton is a complex network of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Question 5

Microtubules

Answer 5

Composed of dimeric tubulin molecules and are structurally polarized with a plus end which in a low presence of a low Ca2+ concentration, guanosine triphosphate and Mg2+ grow more rapidly at the minus end

Question 6

What are the three distinguishing factors of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 6

1) Accumulation of senile plaques B-amyloid accumulations
2) formation of numerous neurofibrillary tangles
3) Loss of cortical neurons particularly cholinergic neurons

Question 7

Microtubular Functions

Answer 7

1) Intracellular vesicular transport
2) Movement of cilia & flagella
3) Attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
4) Cell elongation & movement
5) Maintenance of cell shape

Question 8

Centrioles

Answer 8

Centrioles are cylindrical structures composed of short, highly organized microtubules. Centrosomes made of a pair of centrioles.

Question 9

Cilia & Flagella

Answer 9

Cilia and flagella are motile processes covered by cell membrane with a highly organized microtubule core. The main function of cilia is to sweep fluid from the surface of cell sheets.

Question 10

F-actin inhibitors

Answer 10

Cytochalasins- bind to fast growing end preventing further addition of G-actin. , Phalloidin- binds to actin filaments preventing depolymerization, Latrunculins- disrupt actin filaments by binding to G-actin an inducing F-actin deploymerization.

Question 11

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 11

They provide mechanical support to cells. They lack polarity and do not require atp or gtp for synthesis.

Question 12

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 12

The presence of a specific type of intermediate filament in tumors can reveal which cell originated the tumor information important for diagnosis and treatment.

Question 13

Cytoplasmic deposits/ Inclusions

Answer 13

Usually transitory components of the cytoplasm, composed mainly accumulated metabolites or other substances.