The cell, nucleus & DNA Flashcards
what are prokaryotic cells?
( give examples)
prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, play important roles in living organisms. (examples: nutrition value and decomposition) Prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus and are simpler than eukaryotic cell. They have fewer internal structures
what are Eukaryotic cells give examples
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, have organelles surrounded by membrane and larger and
more complex than prokaryotic cells
examples: animals, plants, fungi
how many types of eukaryotic cells are there and what are they?
there are 2 and they are plant cells and animal cells
what are some similarities and differences between animal cell and plant cell?
both animal and plant cells have nucleus which store genetic material. plant cells have a cell wall but animal cells don’t, plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells don’t.
what is the nucleus
the nucleus is the control centre of the cell , and controls all the cells activities inside the nucleus are attacks of DNA. some activity’s include cell growth, cell development, cell replication and cell death
how many strands on chromatin contain DNA molecule and protein
only one, chromatic is also in the nucleus ( think of messy silly string)
what shape will chromosome form when duplication to prepare for cell division
x shaped
un duplicated chromosomes will look like?
a twig shape
duplicated chromosomes look like
an x shaped
what’s the circle in the centre of the chromosome called
centromere
what’s a sister chromatid
two chromosomes
how is dna packaged in the nucleus
dna turns into chromatin which is then folded into chromosomes and then in the nucleus of the cell
what are sister chomatids
when chromosomes duplicate they are called sister chromatids
How many chromosomes does a human have in each body cell?
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell
how many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 different types of chromosomes
There are two chromosomes in each different type. What are they from?
One is from a male sperm and one is from a female egg
How many pairs of chromosomes are in each body cell?
23 pairs
The 23rd pair determines the
sec of the human
The female chromosome is?
x x
The male chromosomes is
x y
what are homologous chromosomes
the same type of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order. within one type of homologous chromosome one is from a male sperm and the other is a female egg
what are genes and where are they found?
genes are small segments of DNA found at specific places on a chromosome genes carry instructions to make specific proteins in the cells 
homologous chromosomes contain the same type of genes but…
those genes may not be identical to one another
what do genes make in the cell? 
specific protein, which is made at the ribosome
