genetic code & gene mutation Flashcards
Genotype
A genetic code you inherit from your parents
Homozygous
Having two of the same allele from both parents
Heterozygous
Having different set of alleles
Complete dominance
A pattern of inheritance were all traits are either dominant or recessive
Incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance were hybrids display a mixture of traits expressed by the purebred parents
co dominance
A pattern of a inheritance were both treats are fully expressed
Sex linked gene
A gene located in one of the sex chromosomes (mainly X ) (or Y) that affects traits
mutation and what are the two ways?
The change in DNA chromosomal mutations gene mutations
Gene mutations
genes are read in a way called codons and codons have three bases. The bases can either be added, removed or substituted. This can have a change on the amino acid, which is a building block for proteins and if the protein is different, it will have a different shape
What are the effects of gene mutation?
There can be positive mutations, negative mutations and neutral, mutations positive mutations, enhance, and organism abilities to survive or reproduce while negative mutations decrease the chances of neutral mutations have no effect
What is a Mugen?
A chance are things that cause mutations there are three types of mutagen, physical, chemical, and biological
what physical mutagens
Include energies that can cause changes to nearby substances that harm DNA for example UV light x-rays gamma rays
Chemical mutagens
include substances to act as toxins or poisons for example tobacco PCBS is heavy metal- cadmium
Biological mutagens
both bacteria and viruses can lead to mutagens examples hepatitis B C and HIV
What is natural selection?
is where organisms with better suited traits for an environment survive and reproduce successful
What are the requirements for natural selection?
there must be variation and a level of trait so specific trait would be favoured among the rest and the variation must be heritable
What is artificial selection?
Breeding those individuals that have favourable traits
biological fitness
The ability of an organism to survive and successfully reproduce in its environment
Evolution
A change in relative frequency of allele in a population overtime
adaptation
Any characteristic that enables an organism to better survive or reproduce or in other words, any characteristics that get an organism higher fitness
Nucleotide
A form of three components sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base which is in DNA RNA as a building block
gene
A basic unit of DNA that carries instructions for how our bodies function grow and determine our traits
heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Purebred
A person who comes from parents of the same breed or variety
Hybrid
Someone or something that results from two different breeds breathing, introducing unique characteristics
Characteristics
Qualities or features that describe someone or something traits example flower colour
trait
variation that can exist in a particular characteristic example flowers could be purple or white
dominant trait
A characteristic that dominates over the other trait and is more likely to be expressed
Recessive trait
A trait that is only shown if someone have two copies of the same recessive allele but if a dominant trait is shown, the recessive trait will be hidden
Allele
A different version of a gene that determines your traits
Phenotype
Set a physical or visual traits or characteristics of someone in showing what is physically expressed
