genetic code & gene mutation

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

A genetic code you inherit from your parents

Question 2

Homozygous

Answer 2

Having two of the same allele from both parents

Question 3

Heterozygous

Answer 3

Having different set of alleles

Question 4

Complete dominance

Answer 4

A pattern of inheritance were all traits are either dominant or recessive

Question 5

Incomplete dominance

Answer 5

A pattern of inheritance were hybrids display a mixture of traits expressed by the purebred parents

Question 6

co dominance

Answer 6

A pattern of a inheritance were both treats are fully expressed

Question 7

Sex linked gene

Answer 7

A gene located in one of the sex chromosomes (mainly X ) (or Y) that affects traits

Question 8

mutation and what are the two ways?

Answer 8

The change in DNA chromosomal mutations gene mutations

Question 9

Gene mutations

Answer 9

genes are read in a way called codons and codons have three bases. The bases can either be added, removed or substituted. This can have a change on the amino acid, which is a building block for proteins and if the protein is different, it will have a different shape

Question 10

What are the effects of gene mutation?

Answer 10

There can be positive mutations, negative mutations and neutral, mutations positive mutations, enhance, and organism abilities to survive or reproduce while negative mutations decrease the chances of neutral mutations have no effect

Question 11

What is a Mugen?

Answer 11

A chance are things that cause mutations there are three types of mutagen, physical, chemical, and biological

Question 12

what physical mutagens

Answer 12

Include energies that can cause changes to nearby substances that harm DNA for example UV light x-rays gamma rays

Question 13

Chemical mutagens

Answer 13

include substances to act as toxins or poisons for example tobacco PCBS is heavy metal- cadmium

Question 14

Biological mutagens

Answer 14

both bacteria and viruses can lead to mutagens examples hepatitis B C and HIV

Question 15

What is natural selection?

Answer 15

is where organisms with better suited traits for an environment survive and reproduce successful

Question 16

What are the requirements for natural selection?

Answer 16

there must be variation and a level of trait so specific trait would be favoured among the rest and the variation must be heritable

Question 17

What is artificial selection?

Answer 17

Breeding those individuals that have favourable traits

Question 18

biological fitness

Answer 18

The ability of an organism to survive and successfully reproduce in its environment

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

A change in relative frequency of allele in a population overtime

Question 20

adaptation

Answer 20

Any characteristic that enables an organism to better survive or reproduce or in other words, any characteristics that get an organism higher fitness

Question 21

Nucleotide

Answer 21

A form of three components sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base which is in DNA RNA as a building block

Question 22

gene

Answer 22

A basic unit of DNA that carries instructions for how our bodies function grow and determine our traits

Question 23

heredity

Answer 23

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 24

Purebred

Answer 24

A person who comes from parents of the same breed or variety

Question 25

Hybrid

Answer 25

Someone or something that results from two different breeds breathing, introducing unique characteristics

Question 26

Characteristics

Answer 26

Qualities or features that describe someone or something traits example flower colour

Question 27

trait

Answer 27

variation that can exist in a particular characteristic example flowers could be purple or white

Question 28

dominant trait

Answer 28

A characteristic that dominates over the other trait and is more likely to be expressed

Question 29

Recessive trait

Answer 29

A trait that is only shown if someone have two copies of the same recessive allele but if a dominant trait is shown, the recessive trait will be hidden

Question 30

Allele

Answer 30

A different version of a gene that determines your traits

Question 31

Phenotype

Answer 31

Set a physical or visual traits or characteristics of someone in showing what is physically expressed