DNA Flashcards
what is Chromatin?
a substance found in all cells that is made up of DNA and protein. Once it’s replicated it can be folded to form chromosomes. ( happens during the interphase)
what are three parts of a nucleotide and what is it
nucleotides are building blocks of DNA: consisting of Sugar molecules, phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
What can the sugar be in the DNA and RNA
DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what is DNA?
it is a molecule
found in every cell of every living organism even non living. It carries set of instructions to make everything needed for the cells function, like blueprints of a cell.
describe the general function of DNA
it stores genetic information and code that determines eye colour, hair texture and contains instructions that determines the characteristics and traits of an organism. DNA is like a blueprint that tells cells how to build and operate the body.
describe general structure of DNA
often compared as twisted ladder or spiral staircase. it’s called double helix the sides of the ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate groups forming the backbone of the DNA. The rungs of the ladder are made up of pairs of nitrogen bases, specifically adenine (A) Thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with Guanine (G)
what shape are the phosphate group, the sugar and nitrogen base
phosphate : circle
sugar: pentagon (5 sides)
nitrogen base: hexagon (six sides)
what is a nucleotide?
a nucleotide is made up of sugar, phosphate and base (plural form: nuclei)
what are strands composed of?
they are composed of 2 strands of nucleotides connected through base pairing.
summary
dna is the master set of instructions that is used to make proteins.
dna is made up of sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous base holding the strands together Dna is made up of nucleotides.
what bases have double ring structures?
adenine and guanine
what bases have single rings?
thymine and cytosine
what make up a gene
Genes are made of DNA. Strands of DNA make up part of your chromosomes. Chromosomes have matching strands of DNA that make specific genes.
