The cell cycle Flashcards
what is dna stored as
chromatin
when the cell is preparing to divide chromatin will…
fold into chromosome
what is a gene
a segment of a chromosome
why do cells need to reproduce? (2 answers)
to make more cells when an organism grows and to replace old and damaged cells
when organisms grow, do their individual cells get bigger or does the number of cells increase?
number of cells increase
how long do colon, skin, blood, white blood cells live for
colon cell: few days
skin cell: few weeks
blood cells: few months
white blood cells: more than a year
which cell is reproduced by the cell cycle
eukaryotic cells
what are the stages of cell division, list them in order
cell growth and preparation
cell replication
continued growth and preparation
mitosis
cytokinesis
what does growth preparation do in the cell cycle
the cell increases in size and makes more proteins and molecules
the cell cycle has how many stages and phases? name them
phase: cell preparation and growth, cell division
stages: mitosis, cytokines,interphase
cell preparation and growth: interphase
cell division: mitosis and cytokines
name mitosis stages
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
what is the nucleous
the centre of the nucleus and provide assemble to ribosome cells
what are spindle fibers
tube like structure made of protein
what happens during prophase
spindle fibers connect to centromere and centrioles
what happens during metaphase
chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
what happens during anaphase
spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
what happens during telophase
spindle fibers disappear and nuclear membrane forms, nucleous reappears in each nucleus and the cell is ready to split into two
explain cytokinesis
last stage
plant cell: a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell to divide
animal cell: the cell membrane pinches together to divide
what is checkpoints
When activities during the cell cycle are, monitored and controlled at specific stages that special
And they report back to the nucleus once a nucleus receives information. It will instruct the cell to divide or not.
why won’t the cells divide
because there’s not enough nutrients to support the cell growth DNA within the nucleus has not been replicated or the DNA damaged
what is cancer caused by?
Uncontrolled cell growth that is not managed by not functioning checkpoints
how many layers do normal cells grow and how do they know when to stop dividing?
A normal healthy cells is one layer in the cells know when to divide when the neighbouring cells receives message
How many layers do cancer cells have? And how do you know when to stop dividing?
Cancer cells do not respond to nearby cells in begin to grow in control reforming multiple layers, that form tumours
what happens during the interphase?
longest stage, dna in the form of chromatin cell grows in size and replication of dna then forms into chromosome
