The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

Explain the different stages of the cell cycle

Answer 1

G1: First growth phase
S: DNA synthesis phase, chromosome replication
G2: Second growth phase and preparation for mitosis by making proteins for example
Mitosis: Separation of chromosomes
Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm into 2 cells

Question 2

What is a zygote?

Answer 2

Diploid cell that results from the union of 2 haploid gametes during fertilization

Question 3

What is a tetrad?

Answer 3

Two similar (homologous) chromosomes (1 from mom and 1 from dad) that come together

Question 4

how many chromosomes are in somatic cells and are they diploids or haploids?

Answer 4

46 chromosomes
Diploid
22 pairs of autosomes and 1 set of sex chromosomes

Question 5

how many chromosomes are in gametes and are they diploids or haploids

Answer 5

23 chromosomes
Haploid
22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes

Question 6

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

Answer 6

Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 7

What occurs in Prophase?

Answer 7

• Nucleolus disappears
• Chromatin fibres condense into chromosomes and are joined at the centromere
• Centrosomes begin to move apart and

Question 8

What occurs in Prometaphase?

Answer 8

• Nuclear envelope breaks down

- Microtubules attached to centrosomes begin

Question 9

What occurs in Metaphase?

Answer 9

-Chromosomes line up in the middle (metaphase plate)

Question 10

What occurs in Anaphase?

Answer 10

-Sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite poles

Question 11

What occurs in Telophase?

Answer 11

• Cell elongates
• Nuclear envelope forms
• Chromosomes uncoil and go back to chromatid states

Question 12

What occurs in Cytokinesis

Answer 12

• Division of the cytoplasm
• Animal Cell: Cleavage forms and splits cell into 2
• Plant Cell: Cell plate forms within the cell separating into 2