The Cell Flashcards
Do prokaryotes contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?
No lol
What are fimbriae?
Hair-like structures on the outside of prokaryotes that help them stick
What are Pili?
Hair-like structures on the outside of bacteria used to attach and exchange DNA
What are Flagella?
Appendages used by bacteria to move
What is the nuclear envelope made from?
A double phospholipid bilayer
What protein helps compact DNA?
Histones
What are robosomes made form?
rRNA
Where are free ribosomes found and what is their function?
Free ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm
Their function is to make proteins that stay inside the cell
Where are bound ribosomes located and what is their function?
Bound ribosomes are bound to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Their function is to make proteins that either go into the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane of proteins that get secreted from the cell
What are the 6 organelles involved in the endomembrane system?
- Nuclear Envelope
- Endoplasm Reticulum (smooth and rough)
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Vacuoles
- Plasma membrane
How are members of the endomembrane system indirectly related?
With vesicles - membrane inclosed sacs which travel around the endomembrane system
What are some functions of the smooth E.R.
- drug and poison detoxification
- makes lipids
What is the main function of the rough E.R.?
Protein synthesis
How do newly synthesized proteins depart from the E.R. and where do they go?
Proteins depart from the E.R. in vesicles which are E.R. Membrane inclosed sacks which break off with the protein inside
Newly synthesized proteins get transported and fuse with the Golgi Apparatus
What is the Golgi Apparatus made up of?
Cisternae
What are the 3 main functions of the Golgi Apparatus?
Modify Glycoproteins
Produces Polysaccharides
**Sorts and packages proteins and targets them for various destinations either in the cell, secretion from the cell or insertion into the membrane
What is a lysosome?
A membrane enclosed sack of enzymes (pH of 5 - Acid)
What are the 2 main functions of lysosomes?
1) Intracellular digestions (phagocytosis)
2) Digestions and recycling of damaged organelles and macromolecules
What is a food vacuole responsible for?
Digestion in single cell organisms
What is a contractile vesicle responsible for?
Pumps water out of single cell organisms
What is a central vacuole responsible for?
Storage in plant cells
What is the mitochondria enclosed in?
A double phospholipid bilayer
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Production of ATP
What is located within the (inner) matrix of the mitochondria?
DNA, ribosomes and enzymes
What is chloroplast enclosed in?
A double phospholipid bilayer
What inside the chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis?
Thylakoids
What is the name of many thylakoids stackedf?
Grana
What is the cytoskeleton?
A dynamic network of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm
What are the 3 types of fibres found in the cytoplasm?
Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate Filaments
Are microtubules thick or thin fibres?
Microtubules are the thickest
What are the functions of Microtubules?
- Pulling chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis
- Maintains cell shape
- Organelle movement
- Cell motility (movement of oneself)
Are microfilaments thick or thin?
Microfilaments are thin fibres
What are functions of Microfilaments?
- Cell motility during phagocytosis (engulfing cell)
- Cell division (cytokinesis)
- Maintains cell shape
- Muscle contractions
What are the functions of intermediate filaments?
Anchors nucleus and other cell organelles
Maintains cell shape
