The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Do prokaryotes contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?

A

No lol

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2
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Hair-like structures on the outside of prokaryotes that help them stick

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3
Q

What are Pili?

A

Hair-like structures on the outside of bacteria used to attach and exchange DNA

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4
Q

What are Flagella?

A

Appendages used by bacteria to move

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5
Q

What is the nuclear envelope made from?

A

A double phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

What protein helps compact DNA?

A

Histones

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7
Q

What are robosomes made form?

A

rRNA

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8
Q

Where are free ribosomes found and what is their function?

A

Free ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm

Their function is to make proteins that stay inside the cell

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9
Q

Where are bound ribosomes located and what is their function?

A

Bound ribosomes are bound to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Their function is to make proteins that either go into the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane of proteins that get secreted from the cell

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10
Q

What are the 6 organelles involved in the endomembrane system?

A
  1. Nuclear Envelope
  2. Endoplasm Reticulum (smooth and rough)
  3. Golgi Apparatus
  4. Lysosomes
  5. Vacuoles
  6. Plasma membrane
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11
Q

How are members of the endomembrane system indirectly related?

A

With vesicles - membrane inclosed sacs which travel around the endomembrane system

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12
Q

What are some functions of the smooth E.R.

A
  • drug and poison detoxification

- makes lipids

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13
Q

What is the main function of the rough E.R.?

A

Protein synthesis

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14
Q

How do newly synthesized proteins depart from the E.R. and where do they go?

A

Proteins depart from the E.R. in vesicles which are E.R. Membrane inclosed sacks which break off with the protein inside
Newly synthesized proteins get transported and fuse with the Golgi Apparatus

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15
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus made up of?

A

Cisternae

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16
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Modify Glycoproteins
Produces Polysaccharides
**Sorts and packages proteins and targets them for various destinations either in the cell, secretion from the cell or insertion into the membrane

17
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

A membrane enclosed sack of enzymes (pH of 5 - Acid)

18
Q

What are the 2 main functions of lysosomes?

A

1) Intracellular digestions (phagocytosis)

2) Digestions and recycling of damaged organelles and macromolecules

19
Q

What is a food vacuole responsible for?

A

Digestion in single cell organisms

20
Q

What is a contractile vesicle responsible for?

A

Pumps water out of single cell organisms

21
Q

What is a central vacuole responsible for?

A

Storage in plant cells

22
Q

What is the mitochondria enclosed in?

A

A double phospholipid bilayer

23
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Production of ATP

24
Q

What is located within the (inner) matrix of the mitochondria?

A

DNA, ribosomes and enzymes

25
Q

What is chloroplast enclosed in?

A

A double phospholipid bilayer

26
Q

What inside the chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Thylakoids

27
Q

What is the name of many thylakoids stackedf?

A

Grana

28
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A dynamic network of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm

29
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres found in the cytoplasm?

A

Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate Filaments

30
Q

Are microtubules thick or thin fibres?

A

Microtubules are the thickest

31
Q

What are the functions of Microtubules?

A
  • Pulling chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis
  • Maintains cell shape
  • Organelle movement
  • Cell motility (movement of oneself)
32
Q

Are microfilaments thick or thin?

A

Microfilaments are thin fibres

33
Q

What are functions of Microfilaments?

A
  • Cell motility during phagocytosis (engulfing cell)
  • Cell division (cytokinesis)
  • Maintains cell shape
  • Muscle contractions
34
Q

What are the functions of intermediate filaments?

A

Anchors nucleus and other cell organelles

Maintains cell shape