The Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
M phase, G1, Synthesis, G2
What happens during m phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is checked at the metaphase checkpoint?
That the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres at their centromeres.
What happens during G1?
The cell grows normally and organelles and proteins are made so there is twice as many.
What is checked at the G1 checkpoint?
That there is no damage to the DNA.
What happens during synthesis?
DNA is replicated.
What happens during G2?
The cell grows and proteins required for mitosis are made.
What is checked at the G2 checkpoint?
That there is no damage to DNA.
What is interphase?
The cell carries out its normal function but also prepares to divide.
DNA is untwisted and replicated.
Organelles are replicated.
ATP content is increased.
Interphase consists of G1, Synthesis, and G2.
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Describe prophase.
The nuclear envelope breaks down.
The chromosomes condense (get shorter n fatter).
Spindle fibres form.
Describe metaphase.
The chromosomes line up and attach to spindle fibres at their centromeres.
Describe anaphase.
Centromeres divide and so sister chromatids are separated.
Spindles contract and pull one sister chromatid to each pole.
Describe telophase.
Chromatids uncoil (become long n thin) and become chromosomes again. New nuclear envelope forms around the two new nuclei.
What are the stages of meiosis?
PMAT 1 then PMAT 2
