Carbs Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide.
Describe monosaccharides.
They are white crystalline solids with the same number of carbon atoms as oxygen atoms.
What are 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose, Frucutose, and Galactose.
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement in space.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose? (structure)
One of the OH’s is flipped with the H underneath.
What kind of monosaccharide is glucose?
Hexose. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. 6 carbons. CH2OH (little 2).
What kind of mono saccharide is ribose?
Pentose. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. 5 carbons. HOCH2(little2).
What is the difference in structure between ribose and deoxyribose?
One of the OH’s in deoxyribose is only a H in ribose.
What is the reaction called that takes place when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide? Why?
Condensation reaction. It is called ‘condensation’ because water is lost during the reaction.
Which monosaccharides make up maltose? (Di)
Glucose + Glucose.
Which monosaccharides make up sucrose? (Di)
Glucose + Fructose.
Which monosaccharides make up lactose?(Di)
Glucose + Galactose.
Name 3 polysaccharides.
Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen.
What 2 polymers make up starch?
Amylose and amylopectin.
Describe the structure of amylose.
A long chain of glucose molecules, which forms a helix because of its hydrogen bonds. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. V v v good for storage.
