Classification and phylogeny Flashcards
What is classification?
The act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.
This makes it easier for scientists to identify them and to study them.
What is taxonomy?
The study of classification.
What are the eight levels of taxonomic groups used in classification?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Fungi Plantae Animalia Protoctista Prokaryotae
What are the 3 domains?
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
What does phylogeny provide us with?
Tells us about the evolutionary history of organisms.
Who’s related to who n how closely.
Shows common ancestors.
What are the features of the kingdom prokaryotae?
prokaryotic, unicellular, no nucleus
What are the features of the kingdom protoctista?
eukaryotic, usually in water, single-celled or simple multicellular
What are the features of the kingdom fungi?
eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic, single or multi celled.
What are the features of the kingdom planate?
eukaryotic, multicellular, cellulose cell walls, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, autotrophic.
What are the features of the kingdom animalia?
eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic.
What are classification systems now based on?
Observable features along with:
Molecular evidence- similarities in proteins n DNA
Embryological evidence- similarities in early stages
Anatomical evidence- similarities in structure and function of body parts
Behavioural evidence- similarities in behaviour and social organisation
What are the 4 types of variation?
Interspecific and Intraspecific
Continuous and Discontinuous
What is interspecific variation?
Variation between organisms of different species.
What is intraspecific variation?
Variation between organisms within the same species.
