The Cell and It's Functions

Question 0

Garbage disposal of the cell (uses acid lipases to convert lipids into fatty acids and glycerol)?

What makes these?

Answer 0

Lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

Question 1

Main job is to metabolize lipophilic molecules
(Fats > carbohydrates > steroid hormones (Ex: aldosterone))

-also detoxifies drugs

Answer 1

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 2

Involves movement of some type

~Ex: brings vesicle from rough ER to golgi
~Ex: brings protein down axon to axon terminus

Answer 2

Microtubule

Question 3

Examples of motor proteins used in microtubules:

• Brings things from cell body to axon terminus?
• Brings dead debris from axon terminus to the cell body?

Which moves slower?

Answer 3

• Kinesin
• Dianin

-Dianin

Question 5

• 5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together
• Water tight, air tight, not mechanically strong therefore easy to pull apart (Ex: endothelial cells, molecules can’t leak between them, example-proteins)

Answer 5

Tight Junction

Question 6

*5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together

-Below tight junction, really strong, not waterproof
(articulates with tight junction)

Answer 6

Belt desmosome

Question 7

*5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together

-Want to tie two cells together really strongly, stick together 2 desmosomes to keep cells together. Really strong.
(think of sewing silk and putting backing on it)

Answer 7

Spot Desmosome

Question 8

• 5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together
• Holding cardiomyocytes together so when they go to contract they do not rip apart

Answer 8

Desmosome

Question 9

• 5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together
• Holes, anything that happens in one cell is immediately transferred to another cell (ex: found between cardiomyocytes for contraction)

Answer 9

Gap Junction

Question 10

• 5 Junctions we care about to get the cells to stick together
• one piece of backing on the cell attaching that cell to the basement membrane (looks like half a desmosome but proteins are completely different). Anchors typical epithelial cells to the basement membranes they are attached to.

Answer 10

Hemidesmosomes

Question 11

Contains actin, which holds the cell together and maintains its shape. Actin is what creates the actual structure of the cell.

Answer 11

Microfilament

Question 12

Plasma membrane allows these hydrophobic molecules and small uncharged molecules into cell. Examples of these include: (6)

Answer 12

Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, urea, glycerol, water

Question 13

Plasma membrane does not allow?

Answer 13

Large uncharged molecules (sucrose and glucose)

Ions (Na+, Cl-, H+ etc.)