Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Do the same thing with a parasitic worm. _____ won’t see the worm, sees the antibodies. They grab the antibody and degranulates (explodes) on the worm, killing the worm = cytotoxicity.
Eosinophils
Coating the bacteria with antibodies (“chocolate coated bacteria”) macrophages want to eat them. A thousand times more aggressive at eating this bacteria.
Opsonization
If B cell binds to a foreign antigen we are going to make a lot of copies of this B cell. This is known as?
Clonal Expansion
Antibodies on surface of B cell
IgM
Antibody of your blood?
Memory cells made after initial exposure?
- IgG
- IgA
Primary Immune Response:
Make ___ first and ___ next.
*Takes about a week and you get better. Get rid of most cells, some are stored as memory cells (IgA).
- IgM
- IgG
Secondary Immune Response:
Large amount of ____ produced, some _____.
Memory cells produce antibodies or T cells.
*Much faster and bigger response. Won’t even know you are sick.
- IgG
- IgM
These cells makes boat loads of antibodies and the antibodies would float around sticking to things and then the macrophage would grab their feet and eat it.
These cells ALWAYS have their receptor sticking to the surface of the cell.
Plasma cells
T cells
Class One MHC (one leg): presents on endogenous antigens from intracellular proteins.
-3 Types on nucleated cells and platelets?
Reacts with?
- HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
- CD8 on Tc cells
Class Two MHC (two legs): presents on exogenous antigens from digested extracellular pathogens.
Three types on APC’s, B cells and some epithelial cells?
Reacts with?
- HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ
- CD4 on Th cells
APC = Antigen presenting cells are ???
These are Class 2 MHCs
B cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
In this class an infected cell makes a protein, proteasome chops it up. Piece of protein goes to rough ER > golgi and gets put in a vesicle. Vesicle fuses with a cell. We now have a viral protein on the outside of the cell. CD8 on Tc cell (cytotoxic) comes along and kills the cell.
*presents endogenous antigens from intracellular proteins
MHC Class 1
In this you place MHC in rough ER, goes to golgi, the golgi makes a little vesicle, this vesicle fuses with a little piece of a lysosome. We just phagocytosed bacteria (digested the bacteria) the antigen here is something we just phagocytosed. This phagocytosed antigen gets put on the cell and this gets presented. Helper T cell comes along and binds to this because it is foreign. If this is a foreign antigen is there anything wrong with this cell ? No, we got the foreign protein out here. The helper T cell says hey good job you just found a foreign protein. Helper T cell sets off the alarm and calls other immune agents to the scene
*Presents exogenous antigens from digested extracellular pathogens
MHC Class 2
MHC class 1 is presenting on every cell for cytotoxic T cells to check except?
RBCs
\_\_\_\_\_ sets off an alarm. \_\_\_\_\_ are going to kill the cell (presenting on MHC class one, we don't ask why you are making a foreign protein we just kill you, mostly viral, could be cancer cell. Either way it is bad news just kill the cell).
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
Antigen comes in we preprocess it somehow we present it on the MHC. The Helper T Cell gets all excited and it will either ________ or ___________ and upregulate the vicinity of the immune cell.
activate the B cell
send out cytokines
TH1 cells react with?
Macrophages
___________ as soon as they see trouble they run away = the intelligence officer. Grabs a piece of bacteria, phagocytose it, digest it. Run back, jump into lymphatics, comes back in lymph node and presents this to T helper cells. When it finds a helper cell that responds , the helper cell gets all active. We are going to make lots of copies of that helper cell .
Mature dendritic cell
Innate Cell-Mediated Immunity:
Virus tries to disguise itself by shutting off MHC1 or putting fake MHC1 on cell surface so cytotoxic T cells will not kill it. These cells come along and check the MHC1 on all of the cells. If it looks funny or you don’t have it they kill you.
Natural Killer Cells
Infects CD4 cells, then the cytotoxic cell checks the MHC class 1 on the CD4 cell and the cytotoxic cell kills the CD4 cell. The cytotoxic T cells also have to present to other cytotoxic T cells.
HIV
TH2 cells react with?
B cells
Antibody:
Antigen binding site (variable portion)?
Light Polypeptide chains
Antibody:
Constant portion, where macrophage grabs?
Heavy Polypeptide chain
Antibodies binding to antigens, forming aggregates and reducing the amount of free antigens. Aggregates may be ingested by phagocytes.
Agglutination
B cells - how we make the right antibodies:
1) Present baby B cells to our proteins, if they bind we get rid of it.
2) If B cell binds to foreign antigen we will make a lot of copies of this cell (have a much higher rate of mutations than normal during this process).
1) clonal deletion
2) clonal expansion
Selection, proliferation and differentiation of individual B & T cells with receptors for specific antigen.
Clonal Selection
