Innate Immunity

Question 0

This in the bone marrow makes B cells and T cells in the blood?

Answer 0

Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 1

These immune cells occur primarily in tissues? (3)

Answer 1

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

Question 2

This makes the Granulocyte/Macrophage progenitor which then produces neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells in the blood?

*mast cell, macrophage, immature dendritic cells in?

Answer 2

Common myeloid progenitor

Tissues

Question 3

Immature dendritic cells will become mature dendritic cells when something scares them - go to?

Answer 3

Lymph nodes

Question 4

The Humoral Innate Immune System will have these cells looking for non-host epitopes?

*Fast, but not the best way to fight infection

Answer 4

Macrophages and Neutrophils (Myeloid cells)

Question 5

The Humoral Adaptive Immune System uses these cells to produce antibodies. They are looking for an amino acid sequence on a protein that is not found on any of our proteins.

*Very specific, powerful, but it takes awhile

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

The Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immune System uses these cells which use MHC1 and T cell receptors in order to look for host cells to kill.

Answer 6

Cytotoxic T cells (Tc, CD8)

Question 7

These molecules allow immune cells to communicate with other immune cells…or other cells?

Ex: Macrophages use this to signal endothelial cells to retract

Answer 7

Cytokines

Released by macrophages in response to bacteria in extracellular space

Question 8

These tell immune cells where to go and how to get there?

Ex: neutrophils follow their gradient

Answer 8

Chemokines

Released by macrophages in response to bacteria in extracellular space

Question 9

This also has macrophages to eat old RBCs.

*Theory: RBCs have to get through dashed circle of death in order to get back into circulation. This area is inhabited with macrophages.

Answer 9

Spleen

Question 10

Antigen uptake in peripheral sites.

Antigen presentation in lymph nodes.

Answer 10

Dendritic cells

cell of innate immunity

Question 11

Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms.

Answer 11

Neutrophils

cells of innate immunity

Question 12

Killing of antibody-coated parasites. Useful against parasitic worms.

Answer 12

Eosinophils

cells of innate immunity

Question 13

Release of granules containing histamine and other active agents.
Use against allergies.

*We don’t know what basophils do.

Answer 13

Mast cells

cells of innate immunity

Question 14

Phagocytosis and activation of bacterial mechanisms.

Antigen presentation.

Answer 14

Macrophages

cells of innate immunity

Question 15

These have a weird shaped nucleus because it is a lot easier to get it through a smaller space (slithers through endothelial cell gaps to fight bacteria in ISF)

Answer 15

-Neutrophils

Question 16

Movement of neutrophils by diapedesis through capillary pores and by ____ toward an area of tissue damage.

*Following chemokine gradient which is where the macrophage is that set off the alarm - where bacteria is

Answer 16

Chemotaxis

Question 17

Non-host epitopes (pattern on a bacteria that we would never find on one of our cells). We can use these to identify bacteria, but remember bacteria will have as few of these as possible.

*One way to phagocytose bacteria. Another is with antibody.

Answer 17

Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

Question 18

The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

Answer 18

Diapedesis

Question 19

We have ______ so we can concentrate pathogens in an easy place to find them.
*B cells and T cells looking for their antigen, go to lymph nodes to check it out

Answer 19

lymphatic drainage

Question 20

Lymph draining from all of our tissues. Only one organ that does not have lymphatic drainage?

____ does not have lymph nodes but it does have lymphatic drainage (cervical lymph nodes).

Answer 20

Kidney

Brain

Question 21

Lymph node for the blood?

-If we have an infectious agent in the blood needs to go through here.

These cells will scan blood here looking for antigens?

Answer 21

Spleen

T cells and B cells

Question 22

Responsible for stopping the neutrophils - located on endothelial cells

Answer 22

ICAM

Question 23

Movement of neutrophils by ____ through capillary pores and by ____ toward an area of tissue damage.

Answer 23

Diapedesis

Chemotaxis

Question 24

• Process of Phagocytosis:
  1) Adherence to the bacteria which is increased by ____ (such as antibodies).
  2) Engulfment of the bacteria by extensions of the neutrophil’s membrane (pseudopods).
  3) Formation of ____ (contain the bacteria surrounded by neutrophil’s plasma membrane).
  4) Fusion of ____ with the vacuole to form a _____ & the production of toxic oxygen molecules (hydrogen peroxide-H2O2, super-oxide-O-2).
  5) Killing and breaking down of the bacteria.

Answer 24

1) Opsonins
2) Phagosome
3) Lysosome
Phagolysosome