The Cell Flashcards
Cell Theory
1) All living things are composed of cells
2) The cell is the basic functional unit of life
3) Cells arise only from preexisting cells
4) Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.
Cytosol
Allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell.
Nucleus
Contains all of the genetic material necessary for replication of the cell.
Linear DNA is wound around organizing proteins known as ____________, and is then further wound into linear strands called __________.
Histones, chromosomes
Purpose of the nucleolus
Where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized
Mitochondria outer membrane purpose is to:
Serve as a barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondrion.
Cristae
Inner membrane of the mitochondria, which contains molecules and enzymes of the electron transport chain.
-They are highly convoluted structures that increase the surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down many different substrates, including substances ingested by endocytosis and cellular waste products.
Endosomes
Transport, package and sort cell material travelling to and from the membrane.
Golgi Apparatus
Consists of stacked membrane bound sacs.
-May also modify cellular products through the introduction of signal sequences, which direct the delivery of the product to a specific cellular location
Obligate aerobes
Bacteria that require oxygen for metabolism
Anaerobes
Bacteria that use fermentation or some other form of cellular metabolism that does not require oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
Anaerobes that cannot survive in an oxygen-containing environment-the presence of oxygen leads to the production of reactive oxygen containing radicals in these species, which leads to cell death
Peptidoglycan
A polymeric substance made from amino acids and sugars.
