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MCAT Biology > Digestive Enzymes > Flashcards

Digestive Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Salivary amylase (ptyalin)

A

Salivary glands: Mouth: Hydrolyzes starch to maltose and dextrins

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2
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum : Hydrolyzes starch to maltose and dextrins

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3
Q

Maltase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes isomaltose to two glucose molecules

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4
Q

Isomaltase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes isomaltose to two glucose molecules

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5
Q

Sucrase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose

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6
Q

Lactase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose

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7
Q

Pepsin (ogen)

A

Gastric glands (chief cells): Stomach: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by HCl

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8
Q

Trypsin (ogen)

A

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin; activated by enteropeptidase

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9
Q

Chymotrypsin (ogen)

A

Gastric glands (chief cells): Stomach: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by HCl

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10
Q

(Pro) carboxy peptidases A and B

A

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by trypsin

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11
Q

Aminopeptidase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino end

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12
Q

Dipeptidases

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids

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13
Q

Enteropeptidase

A

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Converts trypsinogen to trypsin and pro-carboxypeptidases A and B to carboxypeptidases A and B

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14
Q

Bile

A

Liver (stored in gallbladder): Duodenum: Emulsifies fat

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15
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes lipids

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16
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K

17
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B complex and C

18
Q

Mucous cell

A

Mucus-Protects lining stomach, increases pH (bicarbonate)

19
Q

Chief cell

A

Pepsinogen: Digests proteins, activated by H+

20
Q

Parietal cell

A

HCl, intrinsic factor
HCl: Decreases pH, kills microbes, denatures proteins, carries out some chemical digestion; intrinsic factor: absorption of vitamin B12

21
Q

G-cell

A

Gastrin: Increases HCl production, increases gastric motility

22
Q

Sucrase

A

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down sucrose into monosaccharides

23
Q

Secretin

A

Hormones: Increases pancreatic sections, especially bicarbonate; reduces HCl secretion; decreases motility

24
Q

Dipeptidase

A

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down dipeptides into free amino acids

25
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Hormone: Recruits secretions from gallbladder and pancreas; promotes satiety

26
Q

Enteropeptidase

A

Enzyme: Activates trypsinogen, which initiates an activation cascade

27
Q

Mucous cell

A

Mucus: Protects lining of stomach, increases pH (bicarbonate)

28
Q

Chief cell

A

Pepsinogen: Digests proteins, activated by H+

29
Q

Parietal cell

A

HCl, intrinsic factor: decreases pH, kills microbes, denatures proteins, carries out some chemical digestion; intrinsic factor: absorption of vitamin B12

30
Q

G-cell

A

Gastrin: Increases HCl production, increases gastric motility

31
Q

Sucrase

A

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down sucrose into monosaccharides

32
Q

Secretin

A

Hormone: Increases pancreatic secretion, especially bicarbonate; reduces HCl secretion; decreases motility

33
Q

Depeptidase

A

Enzyme: brush-border enzyme; breaks down dipeptides into free amino acids

34
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Hormone: Recruits secretions from gallbladder and pancreas; promotes satiety

35
Q

Entero-peptidase

A

Enzyme: Activates trypsinogen, which initiates an activation cascade

36
Q

Layers of the skin (superficial to deep)

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

MCAT Biology (9 decks)

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