Hormones

Question 1

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 1

Peptide-Stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males

Question 2

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 2

Peptide-Stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males

Question 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

Peptide-Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids

Question 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 4

Anterior pituitary-Peptide-Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Question 5

Prolactin

Answer 5

Peptide-Stimulates milk production and secretion

Question 6

Endorphins

Answer 6

Peptide-Decrease sensation of pain; can promote euphoria

Question 7

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 7

Peptide-Stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)

Answer 8

Hypothalamus-(released by posterior pituitary)-Peptide: Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Hypothalamus-(released by posterior pituitary)-Peptide: stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior

Question 10

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Answer 10

Thyroid (follicular cells)-Amino acid derivative: stimulate metabolic activity

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

Thyroid (parafollicular or C cells)-Peptide-Decreases blood calcium concentrations

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Parathyroids-Peptide-Increases blood calcium concentrations

Question 13

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)

Answer 13

Steroid-Increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Answer 14

Adrenal cortex-Steroid-Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion

Question 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 15

Adrenal medulla: Amino acid-derivative: Increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

Pancreas (alpha-cells)-Peptide: Stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increases blood glucose concentrations

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Pancreas (beta cells)-Peptide: Lowers blood glucose concentrations and promotes anabolic processes

Question 18

Somatostatin

Answer 18

Pancreas (delta cells)-Peptide: Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

Testis (and adrenal cortex)-Steroid: Introduces the development and maintenance of male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

Estrogen

Answer 20

Ovary (and placenta)-Steroid: Induces the development and maintenance of female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Ovary (and placenta)-Steroid: Promotes maintenance of the endometrium

Question 22

Melatonin

Answer 22

Pineal gland-Peptide: involved in circadian rhythms

Question 23

Erythropoietin

Answer 23

Kidney-Peptide: Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

Question 24

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 24

Heart (atria)-Peptide-Promotes salt and water excretion

Question 25

Thymosin

Answer 25

Thymus-Peptide: Stimulates T-cell development