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Anaphy Prelims > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Basic living unit of all organisms

A

Cell

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2
Q

specialized structure within the cells

A

Organelles

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3
Q

Contains the cell’s genetic material

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

The living material surrounding the nucleus; and contains many organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Encloses the cytoplasm and serves a bounday between the inside and outside.

*Semi Permeable

A

Cell Membrane

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6
Q

Site of Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes and Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

Site of Lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

Modifies Protein structure and PACKAGES proteins in secretory vesicles

A

Golgi Apparatus

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9
Q

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the Golgi Apparatus

*membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials

A

Secretory Vesicles

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10
Q

Contains enzymes that DIGEST material taken to the cell

*membrane bound vesicles formed by the Golgi Apparatus

*Intracellular digestive system

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

Site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP syhthesis

*Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

main energy source for
most chemical reactions
within the cell

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

A part of the mitochondria’s inner membranes that have NUMEROUS FOLDS called?

A

Cristae

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14
Q

consist of proteins that support
the cell, hold organelles in place
and enable the cell to change
shape.

  • microtubules, microfilaments
    intermediate filament
A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

project from the surface
of the cell; capable of moving

*Move substances over the surfaces of certain cells

A

Cilia

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16
Q

have a structure
similar to that of cilia but are
much longer and they usually
occur only one per cell.

*Propels for sperm cells

A

Flagella

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17
Q

specialized
extensions of the cell membrane
that are supported by
microfilament

*Increase surface area of certain cells

A

Microvilli

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18
Q

A function of the cell where the chemical reactions that occur within cells are referred to as metabolic reactions.

A

Cell Metabolism

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19
Q

A function of a cell where the different cells of the body SYNTHESIZE various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids,
and lipids.

A

Synthesis of Molecules

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20
Q

A function of a cell where cells produce and RESPOND to chemical andelectrical SIGNALS that allow them to communicate with one another.

A

Communication

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21
Q

Most cells contain a complete
copy of all the genetic information of the individual. This genetic information ultimately determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell.

A

Reproduction and inheritance

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22
Q

Specializwd body cells that are responsible for transmitting genetic information to the next generation

*Sex cells

A

Gametes

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23
Q

movement of a solute from an area
of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration within a
solvent. At equilibrium, the
distribution of molecules is uniform

*Does not require ATP

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane such as the cell membrane fro a
region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.

*Does not require ATP

A

Osmosis

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25
Q

cell will swell

A

Hypotonic Solution

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26
Q

neither shrinks or swell

A

Isotonic Solution

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27
Q

shrinkage of cell or crenation

A

Hypertonic Solution

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28
Q

move large, water-soluble molecules or electrically charged ions across the cell membrane

A

Carrier molecule

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29
Q

carrier-mediated transport
process that moves substances
into or out of cells from a higher
to a lower concentration of that
substance.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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30
Q

carrier-mediated process that
moves substances across the cell
membrane from regions of
lower concentration to those of
higher concentration against a
concentration gradient.

A

Active Transport

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31
Q

uses the energy of one
substance moving down its
concentration gradient to move
another substance across the
cell membrane.

  • co transport-both substances
    move in the same direction;
    countertransport- they move in
    opposite directions
A

Secondary Active Transport

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32
Q

Uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle.

*Movement into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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33
Q

Mediated endocytosis

A

Receptor

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34
Q

cell eating solid particles are ingested

A

Phagocytosis

35
Q

much smaller vesicles are formed and contain liquid rather than particles

*Cell Drinking

A

Pinocytosis

36
Q

Movement out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

37
Q

Bounded by nuclear envelope and nuclear pores

  • contains 23 pairs of
    chromosomes consisting of DNA
    and protein
A

Nucleus

38
Q

loosely coiled chromosome

A

Chromatins

39
Q

diffuse bodies with no
surrounding membrane that are
found within the nucleus.

A

Nucleoli

40
Q

small membrane-bound vesicles
containing enzymes that break
down fatty acids, amino acids,
and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE.

A

Peroxisomes

41
Q

break down PROTEINS in the cytoplasm

A

Proteasomes

42
Q

specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus, where MICROTUBULE FORMATION occurs.

A

Centrosome

43
Q

cylindrical organelle
compose of nine triplets; each
triplet consists of three parallel
microtubules joined together.

*Facilitates the movement of chromoses during cell division

A

Centrioles

44
Q

compose structural and MOTOR ELEMENTS in the cell, and they serve as the catalysts for virtually every biochemical reaction that occurs in living things

A

Protein

45
Q

Great nutritional value and are directly involved in the chemical processes essential for life.

A

Amino Acids

46
Q

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

47
Q

structurally the same as the DNA, Three important kinds for protein in living things.
synthesis (mRNA, tRNA,).

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

48
Q

a molecule that contains the biological
instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction

A

Nucleotides

49
Q

the process by which the
information in a strand of DNA is
copied into a new molecule of
MESSENGER RNA (mRNA).

A

Transcription

50
Q

the process by which a cell
makes proteins using the genetic
information carried in messenger
RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is made
by copying DNA, and the
information it carries tells the cell
how to link amino acids together
to form proteins

A

Translation

51
Q

2 major phase of life cycle

A

Interphase
Cell division

52
Q

Replication of DNA

A

Interphase

53
Q

formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

A

Cell Division

54
Q

formation of new cells necessary for growth and tissue repair.

A

Mitosis

55
Q

sex cells necessary for reproduction

A

Meiosis

56
Q

Each cell contain_________Chromosome, except for sex cells

A

46

57
Q

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

A

Diploid

58
Q

each chromosomes consist of two chromatids JOINED at the centromere

A

Prophase

59
Q

chromosomes ALIGN at the center of the cell

A

Metaphase

60
Q

Chromatids SEPARATE at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

61
Q

the two new nuclei assume their normal structure and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

A

Telophase

62
Q

the process by which CELLS develop with specialized structures and function

A

Differentiation

63
Q

The plasma membrane is the outermost component of a cell. It functions as a boundary separating the substances INSIDE the cell.

A

Intracellular

64
Q

It functions as a boundary separating the substances OUTSIDE the cell.

A

Extracellular

65
Q

An electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane

  • is a result of the cell’s regulation
    of ion movement into and out of the cell.
A

Membrane Potential

66
Q

The predominant lipids of the plasma membrane

A

Phosphilipids
Cholesterol

67
Q

Phospholipids readily assemble to form a_______, a DOUBLE LAYER of phospholipid molecules, because they have a polar (charged)

A

Lipid Bilayer

68
Q

heads are exposed to the aqueous extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell.

*Polar

*Water Loving❤️

A

Hydrophilic

69
Q

tails face one another in the interior of the plasma membrane

*Non-polar

*Water Fearing🙈

A

Hydrophobic

70
Q

concept of the plasma membrane suggests
that the plasma membrane is neither RIGID nor STATIC in structure but is HIGHLY FLEXIBLE and can change its shape and composition
through time.

A

Fluid-mosaic model

71
Q

is the other major lipid in the plasma membrane
It is INTERPERSED among the phospholipids and
­ accounts for about one-third of the total lipids in the plasma membrane.

A

Cholesterol

72
Q

are cell SURFACE MOLECULES that allow cells to
identify other cells or other molecules

A

Marker Molecules

73
Q

proteins with attached carbohydrates

A

Glycoproteins

74
Q

lipids with attached carbohydrates

A

Glycoliphids

75
Q

are proteins that attach cells to other cells

A

Cadherins

76
Q

are proteins that attach cells to EXTRACELLULAR MOLECULES.

A

Integrins

77
Q

are integral proteins that allow ions or molecules
to move from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A

Transport Proteins

78
Q

are one or more integral membrane proteins
arranged so that they form a tiny channel through the plasma membrane.

A

Channel Proteins

79
Q

are integral membrane proteins
that move ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A

Carrier Proteins

80
Q

In an isotonic solution, the shape of the cell
­ remains constant, maintaining its internal tension or tone, a condition called.

A

Tonicity

81
Q

are small fibrils, about 8 nm
in diameter, that form bundles, sheets, or networks in the cytoplasm. These filaments have a spiderweb-like appearance.

A

Actin Filaments or Microfilaments

82
Q

are protein fibers about 10nm in diamater that provide mechanical strength to cells.

A

Intermediate Filaments

83
Q

is an enzyme that synthesizes the complementary
RNA molecule from DNA.

A

RNA polymerase

84
Q

is the division of the cell’s CYTOPLASM
to produce two new cells.

A

Cytokinesis

Anaphy Prelims (5 decks)

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