Human Organism

Question 1

are physical characteristics that DIFFER
from the normal pattern.

Answer 1

Anatomical Anomalies

Question 2

is the scientific investigation of the processes or
FUNCTIONS of living things.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

examines the processes occurring in cells,

Answer 3

Cell Physiology

Question 4

considers the functions of ORGAN SYSTEM

Answer 4

Systemic Physiology

Question 5

focuses on the nervous system,

Answer 5

Neurophysiology

Question 6

deals with the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 6

cardiovascular physiology

Question 7

is the medical science
dealing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes resulting from disease.

Answer 7

Pathology

Question 8

is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s
structure—for example, the shape and size of bones.

*To cut apart, dissect, separate

Answer 8

Anatomy

Question 9

involves interactions between ATOMS, which are tiny building blocks of matter.

Answer 9

Chemical Level

Question 10

CELLS are the basic structural and functional units
of plants and animals.

Answer 10

Cell Level

Question 11

A TISSUE is composed of a group of similar cells
and the materials surrounding them.

Answer 11

Tissue Level

Question 12

An ORGAN is composed of two or more tissue types
that perform one or more common functions.

Answer 12

Organ Level

Question 13

An ORGAN SYSTEM is a group of organs
that together perform a common function or set of functions and are therefore viewed as a unit.

Answer 13

Organ System Level

Question 14

An ORGANSIM is any living thing considered
as a whole—whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human.

Answer 14

Organism Level

Question 15

A characteristic of life that refers to the specific INTERRELATIONSHIPS among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

Answer 15

Organization

Question 16

A characteristic of life that refers to all of the CHEMICAL REACTIONS taking place in an organism.

Answer 16

Metabolism

Question 17

A characteristic of life that is an organism’s ability to SENSE CHANGES in its external or internal
environment and adjust to those changes.

Answer 17

Responsiveness

Question 18

A characteristic if life that refers to an INCREASE in the SIZE OR NUMBER OF CELLS, which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an
organism.

Answer 18

Growth

Question 19

includes the changes an organism undergoes
through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.

Answer 19

Development

Question 20

A part of development that is change in CELL STRUCTURE and function from generalized to specialized

Answer 20

Differentiation

Question 21

A lart of development that is change
in the SHAPE OF TISSUES, ORGANS, AND THE ENTIRE ORGANISM.

Answer 21

Morphogenesis

Question 22

A characteristic of life where the FORMATION OF NEW CELLS or new organisms.

*Whithout this growth and development are not possible

*Without this organisms and species become extinct

Answer 22

Reproduction

Question 23

Provides protection, regulates temperature,
prevents water loss, and helps produce
vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and
sweat glands.

Answer 23

Integumentary System

Question 24

Provides protection and support, allows
body movements, produces blood cells, and
stores minerals and fat. Consists of bones,
associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

Answer 24

Skeletal System

Question 25

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Answer 25

Muscular System

Question 26

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract. * Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

Answer 26

Lymphatic System

Question 27

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

Answer 27

Respiratory System

Question 28

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

Answer 28

Digestive System

Question 29

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. *Regulates the other systems * Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Answer 29

Nervous System

Question 30

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. * Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.

Answer 30

Endocrine System

Question 31

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. * Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Answer 31

Cardiovascular system

Question 32

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. * Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.

Answer 32

Urinary System

Question 33

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. * Consists of the ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures.

Answer 33

Female Reproductive System

Question 34

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. * Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.

Answer 34

Male Reproductive System

Question 35

is the existence and MAINTENANCE OF A RELATIVELY CONSTANT environment within the body.

Answer 35

Homeostasis

Question 36

2 homeostatic Mechanisms

Answer 36

Sweating and Shivering

Question 37

means that any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted. * maintains variation within normal range

Answer 37

Negative Feedback

Question 38

Monitors the value of a variable.

Answer 38

Receptor

Question 39

establishes the set point around which the variable is maintained. *Receives the information from the receptor

Answer 39

Control Center (Brain)

Question 40

which produces responses that change the value of the variable.

Answer 40

Effector

Question 41

when the value deviates from normal, the system’s response is to make the deviation even greater

Answer 41

Positive Feedback

Question 42

refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

Answer 42

Anatomical Position

Question 43

A person when lying face upward.

Answer 43

Supine

Question 44

A Person when lying face downward.

Answer 44

Prone

Question 45

Means down

Answer 45

Inferior

Question 46

Means Up

Answer 46

Superior

Question 47

Toward the tail synonimous to inferior

Answer 47

Caudal

Question 48

Toward the head synonymous to superior

Answer 48

Cephalic

Question 49

towards the belly

Answer 49

Ventral

Question 50

Towards the back

Answer 50

Dorsal

Question 51

The front of the body

Answer 51

Anterior

Question 52

The back of the body

Answer 52

Posterior

Question 53

Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure

Answer 53

Proximal

Question 54

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure

Answer 54

Distal

Question 55

Away from the midline of the body .

Answer 55

Lateral

Question 56

Toward the midline of the body

Answer 56

Medial

Question 57

Toward or on the surface

Answer 57

Superficial

Question 58

Away from the surface, internal

Answer 58

Deep

Question 59

The abdomen is often subdivided superficially into____________? by two imaginary lines

Answer 59

Quadrants

Question 60

the abdomen is sometimes subdivided into____________? by four imaginary lines

Answer 60

Regions

Question 61

A cut through the long axis of the organ.

Answer 61

Longitudinal Section

Question 62

a cut at right angles to the long axis

Answer 62

Transverse Section

Question 63

a cut is made across the long axis at other than a right angle.

Answer 63

Oblique Section

Question 64

A plane that runs vertically through the body, separating it into right and left portions.

Answer 64

Sagittal Plane

Question 65

is a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

Answer 65

Median Plane

Question 66

runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Answer 66

Transverse Plane

Question 67

A plane that runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Answer 67

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 68

The cavity the is surrounded by the Rib cage.

Answer 68

Thoracic Cavity

Question 69

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition. * contains the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures, such as blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 69

Mediastinum

Question 70

It is primaeily enclosed by the abdominal muscles * which contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys.

Answer 70

Abdominal Cavity

Question 71

Small spaces thats encased by pelvic bones * where the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs are housed.

Answer 71

Pelvic Cavity

Question 72

The abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physically separated and sometimes are called the____________?

Answer 72

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 73

line the trunk cavities and cover the organs within these cavities.

Answer 73

Serous membranes

Question 74

A part of the serous membrane that covers the inner part.

Answer 74

Visceral

Question 75

a part of the serous membrane that covers the outer part.

Answer 75

Parietal

Question 76

A cavity that surrounds the heart.

Answer 76

Pericardial Cavity

Question 77

A cavity that surrounds the lungs * Each lung is covered by visceral pleura

Answer 77

Pleural Cavity

Question 78

The abdominopelvic cavity contains a serous membrane–lined cavity called the __________? *Covers the rest of the organs

Answer 78

Peritoneal Cavity

Question 79

Greek word for Anatomy

Answer 79

Anatomia