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Anaphy Prelims > Human Organism > Flashcards

Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

are physical characteristics that DIFFER
from the normal pattern.

A

Anatomical Anomalies

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2
Q

is the scientific investigation of the processes or
FUNCTIONS of living things.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

examines the processes occurring in cells,

A

Cell Physiology

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4
Q

considers the functions of ORGAN SYSTEM

A

Systemic Physiology

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5
Q

focuses on the nervous system,

A

Neurophysiology

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6
Q

deals with the heart and blood vessels.

A

cardiovascular physiology

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7
Q

is the medical science
dealing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes resulting from disease.

A

Pathology

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8
Q

is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s
structure—for example, the shape and size of bones.

*To cut apart, dissect, separate

A

Anatomy

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9
Q

involves interactions between ATOMS, which are tiny building blocks of matter.

A

Chemical Level

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10
Q

CELLS are the basic structural and functional units
of plants and animals.

A

Cell Level

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11
Q

A TISSUE is composed of a group of similar cells
and the materials surrounding them.

A

Tissue Level

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12
Q

An ORGAN is composed of two or more tissue types
that perform one or more common functions.

A

Organ Level

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13
Q

An ORGAN SYSTEM is a group of organs
that together perform a common function or set of functions and are therefore viewed as a unit.

A

Organ System Level

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14
Q

An ORGANSIM is any living thing considered
as a whole—whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human.

A

Organism Level

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15
Q

A characteristic of life that refers to the specific INTERRELATIONSHIPS among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

A

Organization

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16
Q

A characteristic of life that refers to all of the CHEMICAL REACTIONS taking place in an organism.

A

Metabolism

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17
Q

A characteristic of life that is an organism’s ability to SENSE CHANGES in its external or internal
environment and adjust to those changes.

A

Responsiveness

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18
Q

A characteristic if life that refers to an INCREASE in the SIZE OR NUMBER OF CELLS, which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an
organism.

A

Growth

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19
Q

includes the changes an organism undergoes
through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.

A

Development

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20
Q

A part of development that is change in CELL STRUCTURE and function from generalized to specialized

A

Differentiation

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21
Q

A lart of development that is change
in the SHAPE OF TISSUES, ORGANS, AND THE ENTIRE ORGANISM.

A

Morphogenesis

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22
Q

A characteristic of life where the FORMATION OF NEW CELLS or new organisms.

*Whithout this growth and development are not possible

*Without this organisms and species become extinct

A

Reproduction

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23
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature,
prevents water loss, and helps produce
vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and
sweat glands.

A

Integumentary System

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24
Q

Provides protection and support, allows
body movements, produces blood cells, and
stores minerals and fat. Consists of bones,
associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

A

Skeletal System

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25
Q

Produces body movements, maintains
posture, and produces body heat. Consists of
muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular System

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26
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood
and lymph, combats disease, maintains
tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from
the digestive tract.

  • Consists of the lymphatic
    vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic
    organs.
A

Lymphatic System

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27
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the blood and air and regulates
blood pH.

A

Respiratory System

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28
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of
nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive System

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29
Q

A major regulatory system that detects
sensations and controls movements,
physiological processes, and intellectual
functions.

*Regulates the other systems

  • Consists of the brain, spinal cord,
    nerves, and sensory receptors.
A

Nervous System

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30
Q

A major regulatory system that influences
metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many
other functions.

  • Consists of glands, such as
    the pituitary, that secrete hormones.
A

Endocrine System

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31
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases,
and hormones throughout the body; plays
a role in the immune response and the
regulation of body temperature.

  • Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
A

Cardiovascular system

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32
Q

Removes waste products from the blood and
regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water
balance.

  • Consists of the kidneys, urinary
    bladder, and ducts that carry urine.
A

Urinary System

33
Q

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization
and fetal development; produces milk for the
newborn; produces hormones that influence
sexual function and behaviors.

  • Consists of the
    ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and
    associated structures.
A

Female Reproductive System

34
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to
the female and produces hormones that
influence sexual functions and behaviors.

  • Consists of the testes, accessory structures,
    ducts, and penis.
A

Male Reproductive System

35
Q

is the existence and MAINTENANCE OF A RELATIVELY CONSTANT environment within the body.

A

Homeostasis

36
Q

2 homeostatic Mechanisms

A

Sweating and Shivering

37
Q

means that any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.

  • maintains variation within normal range
A

Negative Feedback

38
Q

Monitors the value of a variable.

A

Receptor

39
Q

establishes the set point around which the
variable is maintained.

*Receives the information from the receptor

A

Control Center (Brain)

40
Q

which produces responses that change the value of the variable.

A

Effector

41
Q

when the value deviates from normal, the system’s
response is to make the deviation even greater

A

Positive Feedback

42
Q

refers to a person standing erect with the face
directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

A

Anatomical Position

43
Q

A person when lying face upward.

A

Supine

44
Q

A Person when lying face downward.

A

Prone

45
Q

Means down

A

Inferior

46
Q

Means Up

A

Superior

47
Q

Toward the tail synonimous to inferior

A

Caudal

48
Q

Toward the head synonymous to superior

A

Cephalic

49
Q

towards the belly

A

Ventral

50
Q

Towards the back

A

Dorsal

51
Q

The front of the body

A

Anterior

52
Q

The back of the body

A

Posterior

53
Q

Closer to the point of attachment to the body than
another structure

A

Proximal

54
Q

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure

A

Distal

55
Q

Away from the midline of the body .

A

Lateral

56
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

Medial

57
Q

Toward or on the surface

A

Superficial

58
Q

Away from the surface, internal

A

Deep

59
Q

The abdomen is often subdivided superficially into____________? by two imaginary lines

A

Quadrants

60
Q

the abdomen is sometimes subdivided into____________? by four imaginary lines

A

Regions

61
Q

A cut through the long axis of the organ.

A

Longitudinal Section

62
Q

a cut at right angles to the long axis

A

Transverse Section

63
Q

a cut is made across the long axis at
other than a right angle.

A

Oblique Section

64
Q

A plane that runs vertically through the body, separating it into right and left portions.

A

Sagittal Plane

65
Q

is a sagittal plane that passes through
the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

A

Median Plane

66
Q

runs parallel to the ground, dividing
the body into superior and inferior portions.

A

Transverse Plane

67
Q

A plane that runs vertically from right to left
and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

68
Q

The cavity the is surrounded by the Rib cage.

A

Thoracic Cavity

69
Q

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition.

  • contains the heart, the thymus,
    the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures, such as blood
    vessels and nerves.
A

Mediastinum

70
Q

It is primaeily enclosed by the abdominal muscles

  • which contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen,
    the pancreas, and the kidneys.
A

Abdominal Cavity

71
Q

Small spaces thats encased by pelvic bones

  • where the urinary bladder, part of the
    large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs are housed.
A

Pelvic Cavity

72
Q

The abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physically separated and sometimes are called the____________?

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity

73
Q

line the trunk cavities and cover the
organs within these cavities.

A

Serous membranes

74
Q

A part of the serous membrane that covers the inner part.

A

Visceral

75
Q

a part of the serous membrane that covers the outer part.

A

Parietal

76
Q

A cavity that surrounds the heart.

A

Pericardial Cavity

77
Q

A cavity that surrounds the lungs

  • Each lung is covered by visceral pleura
A

Pleural Cavity

78
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity contains a serous membrane–lined cavity called the __________?

*Covers the rest of the organs

A

Peritoneal Cavity

79
Q

Greek word for Anatomy

A

Anatomia

Anaphy Prelims (5 decks)

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