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Anaphy Prelims > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of bones
along with their associated connective
tissue (cartilage, tendons and
ligaments).
• consists of dynamic, living tissues that
are able to grow

A

The skeletal system

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2
Q

a place where
two bones cometogether; some are
movable, some have limited movement

A

A joint or an articulation

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3
Q

Functions of the skeletan system

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell production

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4
Q

A function of the skeletal system that is Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and
is the major supporting tissue of the body.

A

Support

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5
Q

A function of the skeletal system where Bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds. For example, the skull encloses and protects the brain, and thevertebrae surround the spinal cord.

A

Protection

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6
Q

Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, which
are strong bands of connective tissue. Contraction of the skeletal muscles moves the bones, producing body movements.

A

Movement

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7
Q

Some minerals in the blood are taken into bone and
stored. Should blood levels of these minerals decrease, the minerals are released from bone into the blood.

A

Storage

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8
Q

Many bones contain cavities filled with
red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets

A

Blood cell production

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9
Q

always contain collagen, ground substance and
other organic molecules as well as water and
minerals.
• Collagen/proteoglycans

A

Extracellular Matrix

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10
Q

large amount of
collagen fibers

A

matrix of tendons and ligaments

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11
Q

The organic material consists primarily of
collagen and proteoglycans.

A

Bone Matrix

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12
Q

The inorganic material consists ­ primarily
of a calcium phosphate crystal

A

Hydroxyapatite

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13
Q

are categorized as osteoblasts, osteo-
cytes, and osteoclasts. Each cell type has different
functions and a different origin.

A

Bone cells

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14
Q

which are boneforming cells, have an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes.

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

membrane-bound sacs formed
when the plasma membrane buds, or protrudes
outward, and pinches off.

A

matrix vesicles

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16
Q

is the formation of bone by osteoblasts.

A

Ossification or Osteogenesis

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17
Q

Once an osteoblast becomes surrounded by bone matrix, it is ­ referred to a_________?

A

Lacunae

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18
Q

and the spaces occupied by the osteocyte
cell processes are called

*Little Canals

A

Canaliculi

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19
Q

are bone-destroying cells. These cells perform reabsorption, or breakdown, of bone that mobilizes crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for use in many metabolic processes.

A

Osteoclasts

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20
Q

are stem cells that can become
osteoblasts or chondroblasts.

A

Osteochondral progenitor cells

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21
Q

longer than they are wide; upper
and lower limbs

A

long

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22
Q

wrist and ankle

A

Short

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23
Q

relatively thin and flattened shape:
certain skull bones, ribs, scapulae,
sternum

A

flat

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24
Q

vertebrae and facial bones

A

irregular

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25
Q

is the part of a long bone that develops from a center of ossification distinct from
that of the diaphysis.

A

epiphysis

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26
Q

separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate

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27
Q

Double-layered connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bone except where articular cartilage is present; ligaments and tendons attachto bone through the periosteum; blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum supply the bone; is where bone grows in diameter

A

Periosteum

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28
Q

Thin connective tissue membrane lining the inner
cavities of bone

A

Endosteum

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29
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms a joint (articulation) with another bone

A

Articular Cartilage

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30
Q

Bone having many small spaces; found mainly in the
epiphysis; arranged into trabeculae

A

Spongy Bone

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31
Q

Dense bone with few internal spaces organized into
osteons; forms the diaphysis and covers the spongy
bone of the epiphyses

A

Compact Bone

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32
Q

Large cavity within the diaphysis

A

Medullary Cavity

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33
Q

Connective tissue in the spaces of spongy bone or in
the medullary cavity; the site of blood cell production

A

Red Marrow

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34
Q

Fat stored within the medullary cavity or in the spaces of spongy bone

A

Yellow Marrow

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35
Q

bone-forming cells in the periosteum and endosteum for bone repair and remodeling

A

Osteoblasts

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36
Q

extracellular matrix

A

Lamellae

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37
Q

concentric rings of
lamellae surrounding the
Haversian canal

A

Compact Bone

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38
Q

located mainly on the epiphyses
of long bones
• interior of all other bones

A

Spongy Bone Cancellous Bone

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39
Q

interconnecting
plates of bone ; filled with
marrow; no blood vessels

A

Trabeculae

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40
Q

occurs within connective tissue membrane;
bones of the skull; ossification centers

A

Intramembranous Ossification

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41
Q

occurs within the cartilage; bones at the base
of the skull and remaining skeletal
system; primary ossification center,
secondary ossification center

A

Endochondral Ossification

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42
Q

deposition of new bone
lamellae onto existing
bone or other connective
tissue

A

Bone Growth

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43
Q

Increase in width or
diameter ; deposit new
bone matrix on the
surface of the bone

A

Appositional growth

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44
Q

growth in the length of
the bone; occurs in the
epiphyseal plate

A

Endochondral growth

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45
Q

removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and the
deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

responsible for changes in bone shape, adjustment
to stress and calcium regulation in the body fluids.

A

Bone Remodeling

46
Q

bone thickness increase
and might develop an abnormality

A

too much bone deposited

47
Q

too litte bone deposited

A

Osteoporosis

48
Q

Blood released from damaged blood vessels forms a hematoma

A

Hematoma Formation

49
Q

The internal callus forms between the ends of the bones, and the external callus forms a collar around the break.

A

Callus Formation

50
Q

Woven, spongy bone replaces the internal and external calluses.

A

Callus Ossification

51
Q

Compact bone replaces woven bone, and part of the internal callus is removed, restoring the medullary cavity

A

Bone remodeling

52
Q

critical for normal muscle and nervous system function
• when osteoblast and osteoclast activity is balanced, movement of ca into and out of a
bone are equal
• maintained by 3 hormones

A

Calcium Homeostasis

53
Q

Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone
• stimuates kidney to take up calcium from urine and return it to blood
• formation of active vitamin D, promotes calcium absorption from small
intestine

A

PTH

54
Q

Decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

A

Calcitonin

55
Q

How many bones does an adult have

A

206

56
Q

a hole in a bone

A

Foramen

57
Q

tunnel-like
passage throught the bone

A

Canal/meatus

58
Q

depression in a bone

A

fossa

59
Q

lump on a bone

A

tubercle/tuberosity

60
Q

site of muscle attachment

A

Tubecles and processes

61
Q

axial and appendicular

A

Skeletal bones division

62
Q

These are part of the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage

63
Q

encloses the cranial
cavity; 8 bones that surround
and protect the brain; 14 facial
bones

A

Braincase

64
Q

freely movable joint
of the face

A

Mandible

65
Q

bony part; perpendicular part of the
ethmoid)

A

Nasal septum

66
Q

projections of the
ethmoid bone

A

concha

67
Q

decrease the weight of the skull and act as
resonating chambers during
voice production

A

Paranasal Sinuses

68
Q

open into the
middle ear ; auditory tube
connects the middle ear to the
naspharynx

A

Mastoid Air Cells

69
Q

Interior of the Cranial Cavity

A

3 cranial fossae (anterior, middle and posterior)

70
Q

foramen rotundum and foramen ovale transmits important vessels and nerves of the face; foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord

71
Q

unpaired, U-shaped Bone
• not part of the skull and has
no direct bony attachment
to the skull
• attachment for some tongue
muscles, neck muscles

A

The Hyoid bone

72
Q

Five Major functions of the
vertebral column

A
  1. Supports the weight of the
    head and trunk
  2. protects the spinal cord
  3. allows spinal nerves to exit
    the spinal cord
  4. Provides a site for muscle
    attachment
  5. permits movement of the
    head and trunk
73
Q

central axis of the skeleton,
extending from the base of
the skull to slightly past the
end of the pelvis
• 26 individual bones

A

Vertebral Column

74
Q

Separate the vertebral
bodies; formed by fibrocartilage

A

Intervertbeal Disks

75
Q

Protects the vital organs within
thorax and prevents the collapse
of the thorax during respiration
• Consists of the thoracic
vertebrae, ribs and associated
cartilages and sternum

A

Rib Cage

76
Q

where the sternum articulates with the
clavicle

A

Jugular Notch

77
Q

location of the 2nd rib

A

sternal angle

78
Q

flat triangular bone
with 3 large fossae

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

79
Q

where head of humerus is
connected

A

Glenoid Fossa

80
Q

2 scapulae ; 2 clavicle (attach the upper limb to
the body)

A

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle)

81
Q

where head of humerus is
connected

A

Acromion process

82
Q

first bone to begin
ossification in the fetus but last to complete

A

clavicle (collarbone)

83
Q

attachment of arm and
chest muscles

A

Coracoid process

84
Q

Bone in the upper limb

A

Humerus

85
Q

attaches to the scapula

A

head

86
Q

provide attachment for forearm muscles

A

epicondyles

87
Q

lateral side lf the forearm

A

Radius

88
Q

Medial side of the forearm

A

Ulna

89
Q

the elbow joint

A

Trochlear notch

90
Q

point of the elbow

A

Olecranon Process

91
Q

Short region between the
forearm and the hand
• 8 carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate,
triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium,
trapezoid, capitate and hamate

A

Wrist

92
Q

has 5 metacarpal bone - bony framewoek of the hand

A

Hand

93
Q

the thumb and the
finger

A

5 digits

94
Q

phalanges (proximal,
middle and distal

A

finger

95
Q

where the lower limb attach to the
body

A

Pelvic Girdle

96
Q

pubic symphysis
acetabulum
obturator foramen
sacrum

A

Pelvic Girdle

97
Q

includes the pelvic girdle and
coccyx

A

Pelvis

98
Q

region between the hip and the knee
* Femur

A

Thigh

99
Q

articulates with the acetabulum of the hipbone

A

Head

100
Q

articulates with the tibia

A

Condyles

101
Q

betwen the head and the trochanter

A

neck

102
Q

located within the major tendon of the anterior thigh muscles and enables the tendon to bend over the knee

A

Patella (Kneecap)

103
Q

region between the knee and
the ankle

A

Leg

104
Q

Larger; major
weight-bearing bone of the leg

A

Tibia

105
Q

head is attached to the
proximal end of the tibia

A

Fibula

106
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Tibia

107
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Fibula

108
Q

consists of several
tarsal bones TALUS, CALCANEUS, CUBOID,
NAVICULAR,
CUNEIFORMS(medial,
intermediate, lateral

  • Metatarsal bones and phalanges
    of the foot
A

Ankle and foot

109
Q

articulates with the tibia
and fibula - ankle joint

A

Talus

110
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel

Anaphy Prelims (5 decks)

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