The Cell Flashcards
98% of the cell membrane is made up of lipids. Of those lipids, 75% are _________, 20% are _________, and 5% are _________.
phospholipids; cholesterol; glycolipids
Proteins in the cell membrane that open and close to allow ions into or out of the cell are called
ion channels
Proteins in the cell membrane that receive signals from other cells are called
receptors
Proteins in the cell membrane that allow the immune system to identify a cell as one of your own cells (and not attack it) are called
cell identity markers
Proteins in the cell membrane that allow cells to bind to each other are called
cell adhesion molecules
Proteins in the cell membrane that break down messenger molecules (so that they don’t keep signaling the cells) are a type of
enzymes
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean?
only certain substances can pass through it
When particles are driven through a membrane by the hydrostatic pressure of water, as in human capillaries and parts of the kidneys, it is called
filtration
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane?
the amount of ATP available
When water passes through a membrane due to the relative concentrations of water molecules, the process is called
osmosis
If a solution with a higher concentration of non-permeating particles, such as salt water, is added to human body tissues, that solution is considered to be ____________ to human cells. and will cause the cells to ____________.
hypertonic; crenate (shrink)
If distilled water (100% pure water) is added to human body tissues, that solution is considered to be ____________ to human cells. and will cause the cells to ____________.
hypotonic; burst
A ___________ membrane carrier carries only one solute at a time, while a __________ carrier carries 2 solutes in the same direction, and a __________ carrier carries 2 solutes in opposite directions.
uniport; symport; antiport
Which of the following is true of active transport?
all of the above are true of active transport
Which of the following is NOT true of the sodium-potassium pump?
it pumps 2 sodium into the cell and 3 potassium out of the cell
The form of vesicular transport that is sometimes called “cell eating” because large particles are engulfed is actually called
phagocytosis
The form of vesicular transport that cells use to expel waste is called
exocytosis
Using vesicular transport to move substance into one side of a cell, transport it across the cell, and then release it out of the other side of the cell is called
transcytosis
Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle?
ribosome
A cell that specializes in producing and releasing proteins would be expected to have an unusually high amount of
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cells that have very high energy requirements would be expected to have a high number of __________ in order to be able to meet those energy requirements.
mitochondria
Non-motile cilia are important for ____________, while motile cilia are important for ___________.
taking in sensory info; moving substances across the surface of the cells
When looking at the cytoskeleton of the cell, the __________ are important in maintaining a cell’s shape, while __________ are important in muscle contraction and cleavage, and ___________ are important for protecting cells from being torn apart.
microtubules; microfilaments; intermediate filaments
Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Uracil (U)
