Chemistry

Question 1

Molecules that can ionize in water and generate an electric current are called

Answer 1

electrolytes

Question 2

Free radicals can be neutralized by

Answer 2

antioxidants

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic element of the human body?

Answer 3

Aluminum

Question 4

Unstable atoms with unpaired electrons that can damage tissues are called

Answer 4

free radicals

Question 5

Which of the following is not a property of water?

Answer 5

It is an electrically neutral molecule

Question 6

Which of the following best represents the normal pH range of human blood

Answer 6

7.35 - 7.45

Question 7

A(n) ___________ resists changes in pH

Answer 7

buffer

Question 8

Water stabilizes ions in solution by forming __________ around them.

Answer 8

hydration spheres

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the different substances found in a mixture?

Answer 9

They each retain their own chemical properties

Question 10

The basis for chemical reactions occurring is

Answer 10

molecular motion and collisions

Question 11

Smaller molecules combine to create larger molecules in ________________ reactions, while large molecules are broken down into smaller ones in _______________ reactions, and atoms are exchanged in ________________ reactions.

Answer 11

synthesis; decomposition; exchange

Question 12

__________________ reactions can go in either direction, and the direction of the reaction is determined by __________________.

Answer 12

reversible; the quantity of reactants on each side of the equation

Question 13

Enzymes are an example of ____________, which work to _______________.

Answer 13

catalysts; speed up chemical reactions

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of biological catalysts?

Answer 14

they get used up by the reactions they catalyze

Question 15

Catabolic reactions _________________

Answer 15

break bonds to release stored energy

Question 16

The specific properties of organic molecules are determined by their

Answer 16

functional groups

Question 17

Macromolecules are large molecules composed of multiple ______________ that come together to form _______________

Answer 17

monomers; polymers

Question 18

Living cells assemble polymers through a process called

Answer 18

dehydration synthesis

Question 19

Another name for digestion is

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

The part of a nucleotide that contains the “information” in DNA and RNA is the

Answer 20

nitrogenous base

Question 21

In ATP, the energy is stored in and released from the

Answer 21

2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds

Question 22

The instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins is contained in _________, while the _________ works with the ribosomes to actually carry out the process.

Answer 22

DNA; RNA

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true of carbohydrates?

Answer 23

They contain Nitrogen in an amine group

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

Answer 24

lactose

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide?

Answer 25

glucose

Question 26

The polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans is

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids

Answer 27

They are hydrophilic and dissolve in water

Question 28

Fatty acids with no double bonds, and thus the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon, are called

Answer 28

saturated fats

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides?

Answer 29

enzymes

Question 30

The special type of lipid that makes up the bulk of our cell membranes are called

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

The healthier form of cholesterol that actually helps to prevent heart disease is

Answer 31

HDL

Question 32

The unique properties of an amino acid are determined by its

Answer 32

radical group (R group)

Question 33

The bonds that are formed between amino acids to create proteins are called

Answer 33

peptide bonds

Question 34

Which of the following levels of protein structure is NOT correctly paired with its description?

Answer 34

quaternary structure - the DNA sequence that codes for the the protein

Question 35

Extreme temperature or pH can ________________ a protein, which destroys its ability to function properly

Answer 35

denature

Question 36

The molecule that an enzyme works on is called its ______________

Answer 36

subtrate

Question 37

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Answer 37

all of the above are functions of proteins in the human body