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Anatomy > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Molecules that can ionize in water and generate an electric current are called

A

electrolytes

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2
Q

Free radicals can be neutralized by

A

antioxidants

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic element of the human body?

A

Aluminum

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4
Q

Unstable atoms with unpaired electrons that can damage tissues are called

A

free radicals

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a property of water?

A

It is an electrically neutral molecule

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6
Q

Which of the following best represents the normal pH range of human blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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7
Q

A(n) ___________ resists changes in pH

A

buffer

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8
Q

Water stabilizes ions in solution by forming __________ around them.

A

hydration spheres

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9
Q

Which of the following is true about the different substances found in a mixture?

A

They each retain their own chemical properties

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10
Q

The basis for chemical reactions occurring is

A

molecular motion and collisions

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11
Q

Smaller molecules combine to create larger molecules in ________________ reactions, while large molecules are broken down into smaller ones in _______________ reactions, and atoms are exchanged in ________________ reactions.

A

synthesis; decomposition; exchange

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12
Q

__________________ reactions can go in either direction, and the direction of the reaction is determined by __________________.

A

reversible; the quantity of reactants on each side of the equation

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13
Q

Enzymes are an example of ____________, which work to _______________.

A

catalysts; speed up chemical reactions

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of biological catalysts?

A

they get used up by the reactions they catalyze

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15
Q

Catabolic reactions _________________

A

break bonds to release stored energy

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16
Q

The specific properties of organic molecules are determined by their

A

functional groups

17
Q

Macromolecules are large molecules composed of multiple ______________ that come together to form _______________

A

monomers; polymers

18
Q

Living cells assemble polymers through a process called

A

dehydration synthesis

19
Q

Another name for digestion is

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

The part of a nucleotide that contains the “information” in DNA and RNA is the

A

nitrogenous base

21
Q

In ATP, the energy is stored in and released from the

A

2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds

22
Q

The instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins is contained in _________, while the _________ works with the ribosomes to actually carry out the process.

A

DNA; RNA

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of carbohydrates?

A

They contain Nitrogen in an amine group

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

A

lactose

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide?

A

glucose

26
Q

The polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans is

A

glycogen

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids

A

They are hydrophilic and dissolve in water

28
Q

Fatty acids with no double bonds, and thus the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon, are called

A

saturated fats

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides?

A

enzymes

30
Q

The special type of lipid that makes up the bulk of our cell membranes are called

A

phospholipids

31
Q

The healthier form of cholesterol that actually helps to prevent heart disease is

A

HDL

32
Q

The unique properties of an amino acid are determined by its

A

radical group (R group)

33
Q

The bonds that are formed between amino acids to create proteins are called

A

peptide bonds

34
Q

Which of the following levels of protein structure is NOT correctly paired with its description?

A

quaternary structure - the DNA sequence that codes for the the protein

35
Q

Extreme temperature or pH can ________________ a protein, which destroys its ability to function properly

A

denature

36
Q

The molecule that an enzyme works on is called its ______________

A

subtrate

37
Q

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

A

all of the above are functions of proteins in the human body

Anatomy (9 decks)

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