lymphatic and immune systems

Question 1

A patient suffers from metastatic cancer that has
spread to and obstructed the local lymphatics,
causing an accumulation of fluid known as

Answer 1

lymphedema

Question 2

Similar to blood in veins, the backflow of lymph in lymphatic vessels is prevented by

Answer 2

valves

Question 3

The specialized lymphatic structures that absorb
lipids in the small intestine are called

Answer 3

lacteals

Question 4

Lymph from below diaphragm, left arm, left side of
head, neck, and thorax empties into left subclavian
vein via the

Answer 4

thoracic duct

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?

Answer 5

they produce T cells and B cells

Question 6

Which of the following has the least impact on the flow of lymph through the body?

Answer 6

the pumping action of the heart

Question 7

Within the spleen, erythrocytes are destroyed in the
_____ pulp, while lymphocytes monitor the blood in
the _____ pulp.

Answer 7

red; white

Question 8

The lymphoid nodules of the pharynx are more
commonly called

Answer 8

tonsils

Question 9

The red bone marrow and thymus are considered
primary lymphatic organs because, in both organs

Answer 9

cells of the immune system become immunocompetent

Question 10

Immunocompetent lymphocytes that have not yet
encountered their target pathogen are called

Answer 10

naïve lymphocytes

Question 11

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

Answer 11

thymus

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 12

bleeding

Question 13

In order to make pathogens more “appetizing” to phagocytes, they must be coated with a variety of specific molecules in a process called

Answer 13

opsonization

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of interferons?

Answer 14

they are highly beneficial to the cell that secretes them

Question 15

Which of the following is not true of macrophages?

Answer 15

they release antibodies

Question 16

Cells of the nonspecific immune response cover their
membranes with ________________ that recognize general
patterns of a wide variety of pathogenic molecules

Answer 16

pattern recognition receptors

Question 17

One difference between cytokines and chemokines is that cytokines tend to work ___________, while chemokines tend to work _____________.

Answer 17

over short distances; over longer distances

Question 18

All 3 pathways of complement activation (classical,
alternative, and lectin) all converge with the dissociation of _____, leading to inflammation, immune clearance,
phagocytosis, and cytolysis.

Answer 18

C3

Question 19

All of the following are true of natural killer (NK) cells except

Answer 19

they release antibodies against foreign invaders

Question 20

When “testing” thymocytes in the thymus to become mature T cells, positive selection looks for ____________, while negative selection ____________.

Answer 20

cells that can bind to MHC complexes; kills cells that would attack the body

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 21

they release antibodies against foreign invaders

Question 22

Which type of immune cell, targeted by the HIV virus, plays an important role in tying the humoral and cellular responses together?

Answer 22

helper T cells

Question 23

MHC class I proteins are expressed by ____________, while MHC class II molecules are expressed by ____________.

Answer 23

most cells in the body; “professional” APCs only

Question 24

Which of the following immunoglobulins is not correctly paired with its primary function(s) in the human body?

Answer 24

IgD: stimulates the release of diphenhydramine to promote NK cell function

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the variable region on an antibody?

Answer 25

it is highly specific to the pathogen it is designed for

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true about vaccines?

Answer 26

they harm more people than they help due to severe side effects

Question 26

A fetus receiving antibodies through the placenta or an infant receiving antibodies through breast milk are both examples of

Answer 26

natural passive immunity

Question 26

After encountering their pathogen, activated B cells differentiate into _____________ that synthesize and release antibodies to mark pathogens for destruction.

Answer 26

plasma cells