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Bio 120 > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol and organelles

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1
Q

Cytosol

A

Semi-fluid membrane in cells

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer boundary of cell

Selective barrier

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Command center of cell
DNA organized into chromosomes
Surrounded by double membrane
Genes are transcribed by RNA

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4
Q

Nucleolus

A

Ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly

Inside nucleus

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Sites of protein synthesis
Made of proteins and RNA
Free in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Processing center
Membrane network of sacs and tubules
Continuous with nuclear envelope

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7
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Bound ribosomes
Proteins are made as they enter
Carbohydrates may be attached to proteins (glycoproteins)

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8
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis of lipids
Breakdown of carbs
Detoxification

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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Processing, sorting, and delivery of proteins
Transported from ER by vesicles
Stacks of flattened sacs (cis side: facing nucleus, trans side: facing plasma membrane)

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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest macromolecules, organelles, pathogens
Release monomers (products of digestion) into cytoplasm
Single membrane sac of digestive enzymes

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration
Conversion of fats and carbs into energy (ATP)
Double membrane
Contain DNA and ribosomes

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12
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Enzymes that oxidize

Break down toxins and fats

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Support structure of cell

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14
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow tube of tubulin proteins

Largest of cellular fibers

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15
Q

Centrosome

A

Organizing center of microtubules

Contain 2 centrioles (star shaped groups of 9 arms with 3 microtubules)

16
Q

Microfilaments

A

Solid rods made of actin

Support cell shape (resistant to tension)

17
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Medium-sized rods made of keratin proteins
Cell support and shape
Permanent structures (aren’t disassembled like microtubules and microfilaments)

18
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage (plant and animal cells)

19
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Solar panels of plant cells (photosynthesis)

Contain chlorophyll

20
Q

Cell Wall

A

Outside plant cell’s cell membrane

Contains cellulose

Bio 120 (8 decks)

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