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Bio 120 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Allele

A

Variants for a given gene

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1
Q

Gene

A

Heritable unit that varies among individuals

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2
Q

True-breeding

A

Self-pollinating produces the same traits as the parent

Purebred

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3
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles for a given character

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4
Q

Phenotype

A

Organism’s traits

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5
Q

Genotype

A

Organism’s genetic makeup

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6
Q

Complete dominance

A

Phenotypes of heterozygous and homozygous dominant look the same

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7
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

3rd phenotype in hybrid

Example: pink snapdragons

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8
Q

Codominance

A

In hybrid, see phenotypes of both parents

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9
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

Additive effect of more than 1 gene

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10
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Recessive disorder

Defective chlorine channel- mucus buildup in lungs

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11
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Recessive disorder
Defective hemoglobin- red blood cells don’t carry oxygen well- leads to blood clots
Heterozygous- resistance against malaria

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12
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Dominant disease

Dwarfism

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13
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

Dominant disease

Neurological disease that develops in 30s-40s: likely already passed on to children by that point

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14
Q

Fetal testing

A

Ultrasound
Amniocentesis (remove some of fluid around fetus)
CVS (chronic villus sampling: remove some of placenta)

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15
Q

Newborn screening

A

Test for metabolic disorders, like PKU

16
Q

Pre-implantation testing

A

In vitro fertilization: test cells

17
Q

Linked genes

A

Located near each other on chromosome: usually inherited together (can’t separate in crossover)

18
Q

Wild type

A

Traits normally found in an organism

19
Q

Parental type

A

Offspring inherits phenotype from 1 parent

20
Q

Recombinant type

A

Offspring inherits new combination of phenotypes

21
Q

Sex-linked genes

A

Genes located on an X or Y chromosome (humans- X chromosome)

22
Q

Meiotic nondisjunction

A

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate

23
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Abnormal number of 1 particular chromosome

Example: Down Syndrome

24
Q

Polyploidy

A

Organism with 2 complete sets of chromosomes

25
Q

XXY (Klinefelter’s syndrome)

A

Male: sterile, may have some female characteristics

26
Q

XYY

A

Male: taller than normal

27
Q

XXX

A

Female: usually normal and healthy (2 X chromosomes get inactivated as Barr bodies instead of 1)

28
Q

X (Turner’s syndrome)

A

Female: phenotypically normal, but sterile

29
Q

Deletion

A

Removal of a chromosomal segment

30
Q

Duplication

A

Repetition of a chromosomal segment

31
Q

Inversion

A

Reversal of a segment of a chromosome

32
Q

Translocation

A

Moving of one chromosomal segment to a non homologous chromosome

Bio 120 (8 decks)

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