THE CELL

Question 1

Pro means

Answer 1

before

Question 2

Eu means

Answer 2

after

Question 3

Karyon means

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

when was the evolution of prokaryote started?

Answer 4

3.5 billion years ago

Question 5

when was the evolution of eukaryote started?

Answer 5

1.5 billion years ago

Question 6

difference of the location of genetic information of eukaryote and prokaryote

Answer 6

pro- nucleoid region

eu- nucleus

Question 7

diff reproductive strategy of pro and eu

Answer 7

pro: asexual (binary fission) eu:sexual (meiosis) and asexual (mitosis)

Question 8

oxygen reqs of pro and eu

Answer 8

pro- anaerobic eu-aerobic

Question 9

DNA structure between pro and eu

Answer 9

pro: no histones, circular, does not contain introns, found in cytoplasm
eu: associated with histones, DNA is linear, genes may contain introns, DNA found in nucleus

Question 10

number of ribosomes diff bet. pro and eu

Answer 10

pro: 70s ribosomes
eu: 80s ribosome

Question 11

` Have the potential or ability to produce significant clinical disease in humans. ` Pathogenic organisms

Answer 11

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISM

Question 12

microorganisms that live on another living organism (human or animal) without causing disease.

Answer 12

Normal flora

Question 13

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS

Answer 13

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Algae, Parasites (Protozoa and helminths or worms)

Question 14

` Accelular ` Possess single nucleic acid either DNA or RNA ` Unable to replicate without the host cell ` Lack genes and enzymes necessary for energy production ` Obligate intracellular parasites ` Dependent on host cell for protein and energy production

Answer 14

VIRUSES

Question 15

• small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. - can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria

Answer 15

VIRUSES

Question 16

TYPES OF VIRUSES

Answer 16

HIV, Hepatitis B, Ebola virus, adenovirus, influenza, rabies virus, bacteriophage, papillomavirus, rotavirus, herpes virus

Question 17

` Primarily infect bacteria ` Obligate intracellular parasites ` Similar in shape with viruses ` Classifiable based on nucleic acid possessed ` Acquisition of virulence factors: ŃCorynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria toxin) ŃPlay a role in genetic material tr

Answer 17

bacteriophages

Question 18

` prokaryotic microorganisms. ` Typically a few micrometres in length ` Varied shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. ` present in most if not all habitats ` Possess both DNA and RNA ` Nucleoid instead of true nucleus ` Smaller ribosomes, lack mitochondria

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

` Gram negative bacteria with cell wall (__) ` Gram positive with cell wall (___ ` Acid fast fast with lipid cell wall (____) ` Without cell wall (____)

Answer 19

` Gram negative bacteria with cell wall (E. coli) ` Gram positive with cell wall (S. aureus) ` Acid fast fast with lipid cell wall (M. tuberculosis) ` Without cell wall (e.gMycoplasma)

Question 20

` eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, mushrooms ` Outer surface made up of chitin ` Possess both DNA and RNA ` With true nucleus enclosed by nuclear membrane ` With mitochondria for ATP production

Answer 20

fungi

Question 21

t or f

fungi are mainly decomposers

Answer 21

t

Question 22

optimal ph of bacteria and fungi

Answer 22

bacteria: Neutral ph (6.5-7.0)
fungi: Slightly acidic (4-6)

Question 23

cell wall component of bacteria and fungi

Answer 23

bacteria: peptidoglycan
fungi: chitin

Question 24

nutrition of bacteria and fungi

Answer 24

bacteria: Heterotrophic, chemoautotropic, anaerobic
fungi: Heterotrophiv, aerobic

Question 25

reproduction of bacteria and fungi

Answer 25

bacteria: binary fission fungi: sexual/asexual spores

Question 26

` Parasites ` Eukaryotichaving outer surface pellicle ` Unicellular; divide thru binary fission ` Exist in in 2 forms: cysts & trophozoites . Has both DNA and RNA

Answer 26

protozoa

Question 27

infective stage of protozoa

Answer 27

cysts

Question 28

pathogenic stage of protozoa

Answer 28

trophozoites

Question 29

` Eukaryotic ` Outer surface consists of cellulose ` Plant like organisms due to presence of chlorophyll (photosynthesis) ` No true roots, stems and leaves ` E.g phytoplanktons, seaweeds ` Mostly beneficial (sources of food, iodine) ` Fertilizers, emulsifiers (pudding) ` Stabilizers (ice cream)

Answer 29

algae

Question 30

comparison of algae vs real plants

Answer 30

both are photoautotrophic, similar metabolic functions to higher plants, different anatomical structures, reproductive structures. no true roots, stem leaves. non vascular, therefore nutrient uptake over surface. and wastes washed away from surface by aquatic environment