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MICROBIO > THE CELL > Flashcards

THE CELL Flashcards

1
Q

Pro means

A

before

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2
Q

Eu means

A

after

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3
Q

Karyon means

A

nucleus

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4
Q

when was the evolution of prokaryote started?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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5
Q

when was the evolution of eukaryote started?

A

1.5 billion years ago

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6
Q

difference of the location of genetic information of eukaryote and prokaryote

A

pro- nucleoid region

eu- nucleus

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7
Q

diff reproductive strategy of pro and eu

A

pro: asexual (binary fission) eu:sexual (meiosis) and asexual (mitosis)

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8
Q

oxygen reqs of pro and eu

A

pro- anaerobic eu-aerobic

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9
Q

DNA structure between pro and eu

A

pro: no histones, circular, does not contain introns, found in cytoplasm
eu: associated with histones, DNA is linear, genes may contain introns, DNA found in nucleus

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10
Q

number of ribosomes diff bet. pro and eu

A

pro: 70s ribosomes
eu: 80s ribosome

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11
Q

` Have the potential or ability to produce significant clinical disease in humans. ` Pathogenic organisms

A

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISM

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12
Q

microorganisms that live on another living organism (human or animal) without causing disease.

A

Normal flora

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13
Q

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Algae, Parasites (Protozoa and helminths or worms)

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14
Q

` Accelular ` Possess single nucleic acid either DNA or RNA ` Unable to replicate without the host cell ` Lack genes and enzymes necessary for energy production ` Obligate intracellular parasites ` Dependent on host cell for protein and energy production

A

VIRUSES

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15
Q
  • small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. - can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria
A

VIRUSES

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16
Q

TYPES OF VIRUSES

A

HIV, Hepatitis B, Ebola virus, adenovirus, influenza, rabies virus, bacteriophage, papillomavirus, rotavirus, herpes virus

17
Q

` Primarily infect bacteria ` Obligate intracellular parasites ` Similar in shape with viruses ` Classifiable based on nucleic acid possessed ` Acquisition of virulence factors: ŃCorynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria toxin) ŃPlay a role in genetic material tr

A

bacteriophages

18
Q

` prokaryotic microorganisms. ` Typically a few micrometres in length ` Varied shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. ` present in most if not all habitats ` Possess both DNA and RNA ` Nucleoid instead of true nucleus ` Smaller ribosomes, lack mitochondria

A

bacteria

19
Q

` Gram negative bacteria with cell wall (__) ` Gram positive with cell wall (___ ` Acid fast fast with lipid cell wall (____) ` Without cell wall (____)

A

` Gram negative bacteria with cell wall (E. coli) ` Gram positive with cell wall (S. aureus) ` Acid fast fast with lipid cell wall (M. tuberculosis) ` Without cell wall (e.gMycoplasma)

20
Q

` eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, mushrooms ` Outer surface made up of chitin ` Possess both DNA and RNA ` With true nucleus enclosed by nuclear membrane ` With mitochondria for ATP production

A

fungi

21
Q

t or f

fungi are mainly decomposers

A

t

22
Q

optimal ph of bacteria and fungi

A

bacteria: Neutral ph (6.5-7.0)
fungi: Slightly acidic (4-6)

23
Q

cell wall component of bacteria and fungi

A

bacteria: peptidoglycan
fungi: chitin

24
Q

nutrition of bacteria and fungi

A

bacteria: Heterotrophic, chemoautotropic, anaerobic
fungi: Heterotrophiv, aerobic

25
Q

reproduction of bacteria and fungi

A

bacteria: binary fission
fungi: sexual/asexual spores

26
Q

` Parasites ` Eukaryotichaving outer surface pellicle ` Unicellular; divide thru binary fission ` Exist in in 2 forms: cysts & trophozoites . Has both DNA and RNA

A

protozoa

27
Q

infective stage of protozoa

A

cysts

28
Q

pathogenic stage of protozoa

A

trophozoites

29
Q

` Eukaryotic ` Outer surface consists of cellulose ` Plant like organisms due to presence of chlorophyll (photosynthesis) ` No true roots, stems and leaves ` E.g phytoplanktons, seaweeds ` Mostly beneficial (sources of food, iodine) ` Fertilizers, emulsifiers (pudding) ` Stabilizers (ice cream)

A

algae

30
Q

comparison of algae vs real plants

A

both are photoautotrophic, similar metabolic functions to higher plants, different anatomical structures, reproductive structures. no true roots, stem leaves. non vascular, therefore nutrient uptake over surface. and wastes washed away from surface by aquatic environment

MICROBIO (7 decks)

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