MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS Flashcards
Measures to prevent, inhibit or reduce nosocomial or healthcare associated infection It is an essential, part of the infrastructure of health care facilitiies
TERMINOLOGIES
Ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host
Portals of entry
Individuals may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease
Susceptible Host
Micro-organisms capable of causing disease or illness
Infectious agents
Place in which infectious agents live, grow and reproduce
reservoirs
Ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir
portals of exit
ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host
modes of transmission
How an individual acquires the infectious agents and includes the infectious agent, the source of infection or its reservoir, how the organism is transmitted, and the organism’s portal of entry into the susceptible host
Chain of infection
The modes (means) of transmission are:
Contact (direct and/or indirect), Droplet, Airborne, Vector and Common Vehicle.
set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases w/c can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
ELEMENTS OF STANDARD PRECAUTION
- Hand hygiene
- gown
- mask
- face protection
- gloves
- safe injection practices
- patient care equipment/ devices
- environmental control
- textile and laundry
- worker safety
- patient placement and transport
- respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette
- infection control practices for lumbar puncture
when sterile or aseptic item makes contact with microorganism
Contamination
what is the biggest threat to food safety?
Pathogens
4 types of pathogens tha can contaminate food
viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
the process of cleansing an object or substance to remove, inactivate or destroy pathogens such as micro-organisms or hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactive substances, and infectious diseases.
decontamination
the process of using physical or chemical means to destroy pathogens, excluding the spores.
disinfection
any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life like microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores,
sterilization
antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. ¾Inhibits the growth of microorganism.
antiseptic
infection acquired during the time a patient is admitted in healthcare facility (e.g. UTI)
HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION
Infection acquired in the course of undergoing diagnostic tests or therapeutic procedures.
IATROGENIC INFECTION
= Contact with a potentially harmful physical, chemical, or biological agent as a result of one’s work.
=health care professional may be exposed to HIV or through a needle stick injury.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
= is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
=The hazards include :
=The hazards include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
- The state of being free of pathogeninc microorganisms
- The process of removing pathogenic microorganisms or protecting against infection by such organism
ASEPSIS
A toxic condition resulting from the spread of bacteria or their toxic products from a focus of infection; especially septicemia
SEPSIS
=Refers to the procedures used to keep the object or areas sterile or completely free from micro organisms
=all practices are directed to the elimination of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic micro-organisms
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
SURGICAL ASEPSIS INCLUDES
=Creation of a sterile environment =Use of sterile equipment/supplies/solutions =Sterilization of reusable supplies =surgical hand scrub =surgical attire if in OR =sterile gloves =sterile field =used of sterile technique
5 hand moments for hand hygiene
- Before touching a patient
- before clean/aseptic procedure
- After body fluid exposure risk
- after touching a patient
- After touching patient surroundings
The seperation of ill persons who have a specific infectious illness from those who are healthy and the restriction of their movement to stop the spread of the illness
ISOLATION
The separation and restriction of movement of well persons who, while not yet ill, have been exposed to an infectious agent and therefore may become infectious
QUARANTINE
an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens,
-APPLIED UNIVERSALLY IN CARING FOR ALL PATIENTS
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
¾ additional infectioncontrol precautionsin health care
¾the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain important pathogens.
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
diseases in standard precautions
=CMV
=HIV
=Hepatitis B and C
= Aspergillosis
diseases in contact precautions
=Diarrhea =rotavirus =salmonella =hepatitis A =Lice
diseases in Droplet Pracautions
=Pertussis =Influenza A or B =Rubella =Mumps =Coxsackie
diseases in airborne precautions
=chicken pox =measles =disseminated herper zoster =SARS =Tuberculosis
