MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS

Question 1

ƒ Measures to prevent, inhibit or reduce nosocomial or healthcare associated infection ƒ It is an essential, part of the infrastructure of health care facilitiies

Answer 1

TERMINOLOGIES

Question 2

Ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host

Answer 2

Portals of entry

Question 3

Individuals may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease

Answer 3

Susceptible Host

Question 4

Micro-organisms capable of causing disease or illness

Answer 4

Infectious agents

Question 5

Place in which infectious agents live, grow and reproduce

Answer 5

reservoirs

Question 6

Ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir

Answer 6

portals of exit

Question 7

ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host

Answer 7

modes of transmission

Question 8

How an individual acquires the infectious agents and includes the infectious agent, the source of infection or its reservoir, how the organism is transmitted, and the organism’s portal of entry into the susceptible host

Answer 8

Chain of infection

Question 9

The modes (means) of transmission are:

Answer 9

Contact (direct and/or indirect), Droplet, Airborne, Vector and Common Vehicle.

Question 10

set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases w/c can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.

Answer 10

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Question 11

ELEMENTS OF STANDARD PRECAUTION

Answer 11

1. Hand hygiene
2. gown
3. mask
4. face protection
5. gloves
6. safe injection practices
7. patient care equipment/ devices
8. environmental control
9. textile and laundry
10. worker safety
11. patient placement and transport
12. respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette
13. infection control practices for lumbar puncture

Question 12

when sterile or aseptic item makes contact with microorganism

Answer 12

Contamination

Question 13

what is the biggest threat to food safety?

Answer 13

Pathogens

Question 14

4 types of pathogens tha can contaminate food

Answer 14

viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi

Question 15

the process of cleansing an object or substance to remove, inactivate or destroy pathogens such as micro-organisms or hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactive substances, and infectious diseases.

Answer 15

decontamination

Question 16

the process of using physical or chemical means to destroy pathogens, excluding the spores.

Answer 16

disinfection

Question 17

any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life like microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores,

Answer 17

sterilization

Question 18

antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. ¾Inhibits the growth of microorganism.

Answer 18

antiseptic

Question 19

infection acquired during the time a patient is admitted in healthcare facility (e.g. UTI)

Answer 19

HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION

Question 20

Infection acquired in the course of undergoing diagnostic tests or therapeutic procedures.

Answer 20

IATROGENIC INFECTION

Question 21

= Contact with a potentially harmful physical, chemical, or biological agent as a result of one’s work.
=health care professional may be exposed to HIV or through a needle stick injury.

Answer 21

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Question 22

= is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection.

Answer 22

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Question 23

=The hazards include :

Answer 23

=The hazards include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.

Question 24

• The state of being free of pathogeninc microorganisms

- The process of removing pathogenic microorganisms or protecting against infection by such organism

Answer 24

ASEPSIS

Question 25

A toxic condition resulting from the spread of bacteria or their toxic products from a focus of infection; especially septicemia

Answer 25

SEPSIS

Question 26

=Refers to the procedures used to keep the object or areas sterile or completely free from micro organisms =all practices are directed to the elimination of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic micro-organisms

Answer 26

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

Question 27

SURGICAL ASEPSIS INCLUDES

Answer 27

``` =Creation of a sterile environment =Use of sterile equipment/supplies/solutions =Sterilization of reusable supplies =surgical hand scrub =surgical attire if in OR =sterile gloves =sterile field =used of sterile technique ```

Question 28

5 hand moments for hand hygiene

Answer 28

1. Before touching a patient 2. before clean/aseptic procedure 3. After body fluid exposure risk 4. after touching a patient 5. After touching patient surroundings

Question 29

The seperation of ill persons who have a specific infectious illness from those who are healthy and the restriction of their movement to stop the spread of the illness

Answer 29

ISOLATION

Question 30

The separation and restriction of movement of well persons who, while not yet ill, have been exposed to an infectious agent and therefore may become infectious

Answer 30

QUARANTINE

Question 31

an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens, -APPLIED UNIVERSALLY IN CARING FOR ALL PATIENTS

Answer 31

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Question 32

¾ additional infectioncontrol precautionsin health care ¾the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain important pathogens.

Answer 32

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS

Question 33

diseases in standard precautions

Answer 33

=CMV =HIV =Hepatitis B and C = Aspergillosis

Question 34

diseases in contact precautions

Answer 34

``` =Diarrhea =rotavirus =salmonella =hepatitis A =Lice ```

Question 35

diseases in Droplet Pracautions

Answer 35

``` =Pertussis =Influenza A or B =Rubella =Mumps =Coxsackie ```

Question 36

diseases in airborne precautions

Answer 36

``` =chicken pox =measles =disseminated herper zoster =SARS =Tuberculosis ```